W artykule przedstawiono organizacyjne i ekonomiczne problemy dotyczące uwalniania konkurencji w transporcie kolejowym oraz stan prawny; omówiono rezultaty poświęconej tym zagadnieniom konferencji okrągłego stołu (Organizacji Współpracy Gospodarczej i Rozwoju OECD), która odbyła się w dniach 17-20 października 1997 r. w Paryżu. Zaprezentowano różnorodne formy organizacji kolei (w tym analizę dwóch alternatywnych modeli uznawanych za optymalne) i przykłady zastosowania niektórych z nich na świecie.
EN
Organizational and economic issues related to free competition in railway transport as well as legal status were presented in the article. Results of the round table conference of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which was held on 17-20 November 1997 in Paris, were discussed. Various forms of railways' organization were shown (including an analysis of two alternative models appreciated as optimal ones) and examples concerned using some of them across the world.
A series of cytotoxic neutral dicarboxylatoplatinum(II) complexes containing D(+), L(-) or DL-malate dianion and ethylenediamine or 1-ethylimidazole as ligands were examined using ATPase activity assays and the proton extrusion test. ATPase activity assays in vitro on plasma membrane H+- ATPase and on mitochondrial ATPase were carried out. The concentrations of compounds inhibiting enzyme activity to 50 per cent (J50) was determined. The new platinum complexes showed a stronger level of inhibition of both ATPases than the reference carboplatin; this inhibitory activity is related to a stereoisomeric form of anionic platinum ligands. ATPase inhibition in vivo was tested by glucose-stimulated proton extrusion and the influence of platinum compounds on this process in yeast cells was determined. Significant differences in activity levels were observed between those complexes with 1-ethylimidazole and those with ethylenediamine.