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EN
This article analyses the factors that determine changes in the occupational position between the first and the current job in Spain among Polish immigrants residing in the Community of Madrid. The main objective is to establish if, and to what extent, working in gendered ethnic niches has an impact on occupational mobility in the host country. Combining quantitative and qualitative research methods, the data reveal stark differences in the occupational mobility of male and female populations. Compared to males, females experience higher inter-sectoral, and lower occupational mobility. Furthermore, the analysis shows that upward mobility depends on the opportunities offered by the structure of each sector, as well as on gendered productive and reproductive roles. Among men, the likelihood of upward mobility is not increased by entering or abandoning the ethnic niche. In contrast, women who left the niche between their first and current job in Spain have higher probabilities of upward occupational mobility. Because women with children often depend on the convenience of the flexible schedules in the domestic service sector, this niche is more often abandoned by women who have no children or who are highly motivated (with a higher level of education).
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PL
The aim of the article is to describe the situation of Polish community in Spain before the restrictions on free movement of workers from new EU member states have been removed in May 2006. Firstly, we describe the history of Polish presence in Spain. We pay special attention to transformations of social and cultural features of the Polish Community in Spain in the last decades. In the next section we present main social and demographic characteristics of the current Polish migrant community in Spain: its size, age and sex structure, spatial distribution, and occupational situation. We also discuss several issues related to institutionalised community life of the Poles in Spain and its transformations. Next, there are described past and present ethnic associations and press, as well as Polish Catholic Church pastoral work among migrants. Finally, we explore several difrent aspects of informal activities of Polish migrants in Spain.
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