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PL
W badaniach in vivo użyto kloksacyliny, gentamycyny i linkomycyny oraz szczepów Staphylococcus aureus o zbliżonych wartościach MIC, ale odmiennej podatności na subinhibicyjne stężenia antybiotyków (sub-MIC). Wykazano, że dawki efektywne ED 50 tych antybiotyków były istotnie niższe u myszy Swiss albino zakażonych szczepami S. aureus podatnymi na sub - MIC. Myszy z takimi zakażeniami były również skutecznie leczone tymi antybiotykami.
EN
The aim of the study was to demonstrate of whether the therapeutic effects of antibiotics depend on their in vitro activity in sub-inhibitory concentrations against staphylococci. Cloxacillin, gentamicin and lincomycin were used in the study. Groups of S. aureus strains, containing 6 strains with similar MIC values each but different sensitivity to sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations (sub-MIC) were selected (a total of 36 trains): i. strains increasing their sensitivity to phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of rabbit leukocytes after incubation with an antibiotic in 0,1 MIC concentration, ii. strains with sensitivity to the above factors unaffected by incubation with an antibiotic in 0.5 MIC concentration. The doses of staphylococci causing death of 90 - 100% of Swiss albino mice 10 days after і p. infection were determined. The injected doses (LD 90-100) and various doses of antibiotics were used to determine ED50 values as well as the survival rate of the mice with experimental staphylococcal infections after treatment with these antibiotics. It was demonstrated that effective doses (ED 50) of the antibiotics were significantly lower when the antibiotics were administered once to mice infected with strains S. aureus sensitive to sub-MIC concentrations of the investigated antibiotics than for mice infected with strains resistant to their sub-MIC concentrations. Similar correlations were observed in mice which were given the antibiotics several times (for 7 days): the percentage of the surviving mice was higher in the group infected with sub-MIC sensitive strains. The therapeutic effect of cloxacillin, gentamicin and lincomycin demonstrated a significant correlation with the S. aureus strains used to induce the infections and their sensitivity, or lack of sensitivity in vitro, to phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of leukocytes in the presence of antibiotics in sub-MIC concentrations.
PL
Zastosowano immunoperoksydazowy test ACB ( BP ACB ) w celu wykrycia immunoglobulin klasy Ig A, IgM i Ig G opłaszczających bakterie w moczu. Przydatność diagnostyczną odczynu oceniono porównując z metodą immu- nofluorescencyjną ( IF ACB ). Stwierdzono, że IP ACB jest czulszy od IF ACB i może być wykorzystany zarówno do wykrywania bakterii oplaszczonych przeciwciałami, jak i do określenia poszczególnych klas przeciwciał.
EN
For the detection of bacteria coated with immunoglobulins in urine the monoclonal antibodies against human IgA, IgG and IgM conjugated with peroxidase were used. For comparison, the immunofluorescence technique was also employed. The results obtained by two methods revealed that immunofluorescence were less sensitive. It was found that bacteria were predominantly coated with IgA (41,9 ± 22,4%) and IgG (34,1 ± 15,3 %) immunoglobulins. The IgM antibodies were foud rarely (12,8 ± 8%).
PL
Zbadano 53 szczepy Gram-ujemnych pałeczek z rodziny Enterobacteriaceae oraz z grupy pałeczek niefermentujących glukozy. Oznaczono fenotypy opor- ności na antybiotyki aminoglikozydowe metodą dyfuzyjno-krążkową, na podstawie których określono prawdopodobne klasy enzymów (AAC, ANT, APH) modyfikujących aminoglikozydy. Wartości MIC dla czterech podstawowych aminoglikozydów oznaczono za pomocą E-testów. Ponadto określono wrażliwość badanych szczepów na inne antybiotyki.
EN
The aim of the study was to evaluate the aminoglycoside resistance of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients. To the examination 35 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and 18 of non-fermentative bacteria were included. Resistance to aminoglycosides (gentamicin (G), netilmicin (Nt), tobramycin (T), amikacin (A), kanamycin (K), neomycin (N)) was established by disk diffusion method. Interpretation of enzymatic mechanisms was performed by Livermore. The most common enzymes AAC(6')I were found in Enterobacteriaceae group (mostly in E. cloaceae and P. mirabilis) and ААС(З') and in non-fermentative bacteria: AAC(6')I in P. aeruginosa and APH(3')VI and AAC(3')I in A. baumanii. The most frequent phenotype was resistance to six antibiotics (G, Nt, T, A, K, N) Resistance rates were high for gentamicin (>70 %) in both groups and amikacin (88,89 %) in non-fermentatives.
PL
Zbadano wrażliwość 43 szczepów Klebsiella pneumoniae wytwarzających ESBL wobec sanfetrinemu. Uzyskane wyniki porównano z wynikami dla imi- penemu (MIC50, MIC90). Wszystkie izolaty były wrażliwe na imipenem i cefe- pim, a oporne na gentamycynę, amikacynę i trimetoprim/sulfametoksazol.
EN
Sanfetrinem is the first member of tricyclic ß-!actams (trinems) which can be administered orally as a hexatil ester. His chemical structure is related to carbapenems. High stability to many ß-lactamases and human renal dehydropeptydase were described. The investigation was performed on 43 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing ESBL isolated from hospitalized patients. The MICs of sanfetrinem and imipenem were determined by E-test. Additio- naly, susceptibility to antibiotics was tested by disc diffusion method. Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 were used as a control strains. MIC50 and MIC90 of sanfetrinem and imipenem amounted respectively 0,38/3 mg/l and 0,19/0,25 mg/l. Range of MIC value was from 0,064 mg/l to 4 mg/l for sanfetrinem, and from 0,094 mg/l to 0,38 mg/l for imipenem. Additionaly, geometric and aritmetic means were calculated to both antibiotics. All results of study were compared using correlation factor and „Student" t-test. None of these 43 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains was resistant to imipenem and cefepime. Majority of isolates demonstrated susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and cefoxitin - 90,7% and 74,4% respectively. All strains were resistant to gentamicin, amikacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
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