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EN
Money is a widely accepted commodity allowing to determine the economic value of purchased goods and services and to make payments. Over the centuries, "money" has been constantly evolving. In recent times, following dynamic development of various forms of e-business, dematerialized money has emerged. However, in constantly changing conditions it is very difficult to grasp the essence of the so called e-money or cryptocurrencies. The paper tries to define Bitcoin, one of the most recognizable cryptocurrencies, and answer the question whether investing in cryptocurrencies is a serious business or a mere gambling. In search for the answers, the author reviews literature on the topic and conducts his own risk analysis based on Value at Risk measure, of selected traditional currencies and Bitcoin. The results of the analysis unambiguously show that investments in Bitcoin are burdened with definitely much higher risk. Furthermore, conclusions of the considerations clearly show that despite growing popularity of cryptocurrencies they do not fulfill the definition of both electronic money or money in general. The paper attempts to discuss selected issues related to Bitcoin cryptocurrencies from the monetary point of view but also with respect to restrictions of Bitcoin as a means of payment, investments in Bitcoin and risk assessment.
EN
One of the tasks of central and local administration units is standing up for the sustainable development on their respective territories. Public authorities ought to use all available resources and means to satisfy the needs of the present generation in a way which will not disturb the satisfaction of needs of the generations to come. The aim of the paper is to present a selection of ratios for sustainable development in Poland which reflect the living conditions of the Polish citizens in the context of assumptions and objectives adopted in the UN 2030 Agenda.
EN
Improving the lives of citizens requires modern management architects to implement modern solutions in various areas of social life. Undoubtedly, local government administration, as the closest public authority to man, must be efficiently managed in order to effectively manage others. The influence of international cooperation on the development of states and organizations is as old an issue as international cooperation itself. However, the subject matter discussed in this article is current and important for the area of management sciences, because it treats this as a contemporary development of human resources management in local government administration within similar but different legal and organizational systems functioning in the European Union. Therefore, this article presents the main research problem, which will concern the elements of international cooperation, which are covered by local government administration bodies in the district of Żywiec, affect the management of human resources and their development and what changes are introduced in ZZL of local government administration. The subject matter required conducting research on the basis of the phenomenological trend in order to better understand the processes taking place with the participation of the human factor.
EN
The issue of work in itself is a problem that can be analyzed on many levels and looked at through the prism of many scientific disciplines. Economics in her nature is a social science that studies the state of world economic life using mathematical methods. A fascinating issue for understanding work in economics is the business cycles, which clearly affect unemployment patterns around the world. The nature of economics, which is concerned with studying human activities in times of recession and, just as in times of prosperity, sets the course for politicians, entrepreneurs but also ordinary workers. This is made possible by analysing and observing the behaviour in the economic markets of the world. This article is leaning towards unemployment and employment in France since the beginning of the 21st century, since France is one of the leading economies, alongside Germany, in the European Union.
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