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Locke's Ethics in “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding”

100%

Raube S.

nr 20(33)

79-88

John Locke did not deal with ethical issues in a systematic way. However, in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding we can find several interesting remarks, which suggest that this English philosopher was deeply convinced that the formulation of a widely recognized ethical system is an easy task. It is enough to base it on a mathematical formula and a philosophical procedure of empiricism. Did Locke manage to convince the reader to his optimistic vision at least a little? Rather not. The ethical evidence he quotes are not as precise as mathematical ones while the examples of moral judgments are simply misleading.

Człowieczeństwo zbuntowane i granice nihilizmu jednostka i wspólnota w refleksji Alberta Camusa

100%

Raube S.

2012

tom 13

187-202

The main aim of the text is the presentation of Albert Camus’ concept of rebellion. The French thinker’s theory of rebellion is not so simple as it appears at ﬁrst sight. His language is full of metaphors and ambiguities; it has rather literary form than philosophical structure. That’s why Camus’ texts are not easy to interpret, especially his Rebellious Man. The article shows that a fundamental enemy of a human rebellion (that is of man who disagrees with pain and injustice in the world) is the idea of history, especially as it is seen by Hegel and hegelians. Hegel’s concept of history grasps human beings as subordinated or dominated by historical processes, and that way history deprives man of freedom. In opposition to that, for Camus the most importance values are freedom of existence and human solidarity; whereby men are able to create true community.