The article describes a very interesting phenomenon: connections between identity, ethnicity, sport (especially football) and marketing – being used to create an ethnic brand in the contemporary global world. The author examines the example of the “nation without a state,” Catalans, and their famous football club, FC Barcelona, to indicate how they use their ethnic and cultural heritage to make an interesting market “product,” binding local features with global openness. Contemporary reality seems to put ethnic identity in danger. However, the case of Catalans and FC Barcelona shows that it is possible to link identity and culture with global market’s needs.
2
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
The paper deals with sport as an important element that strengthens contemporary ethnic identities. In a dynamic global world, people look for something to help them to satisfy their need for collective identification. When such hitherto existing ethnic elements which constituted identity as language, religion, territory or history are not sufficient, new elements are sought. The author discusses some examples of sports and games, which are an important part of the Basque identity. He describes some traditional sports – Korrika, pelota and aizkolariak – as well as football, placing them in their socio-cultural, historical and political context related to the currently important phenomenon of collective identity. The article encourages looking at sport or games in a wider, identity-related and ludological context. The paper also includes a suggestion for a research methodology and indicates the cognitive and applicable utility of this kind of research.
3
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
Study aim: the purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential of traditional games as a method of increasing the physical activity (PA) of women following mastectomy. A cross-sectional survey during the 20th ONCO Games was conducted and the sample included data from women divided into two groups: up to 50 years old (n = 26) and over 50 years old (n = 86). Material and methods: PA was assessed using a questionnaire, and the number of steps taking during 30-minute periods was measured using pedometers during each of the games. Exertion was evaluated using Borg’s Scale. Results: there was no difference in levels of coherence between the age groups. The group of younger women were statistically more active (M = 3.34 days/week) than the older group (M = 2.77 days/week). All the games were evaluated to be of light intensity, with ringo perceived as being statistically more fatiguing in the over 50 age group. The highest number of steps was performed during the game of ring-net-ball (M = 1903 steps/30 min) in both age groups, with older women performing statistically more steps. Similar situations were observed in the cases of pétanque and speedminton. In ringo, the situation was reversed. The lowest number of steps was recorded in pétanque in the younger age group (M = 296 steps/30 min). Conclusion: this study indicates that in the rehabilitation and recovery process after mastectomy, traditional games could be a bridging link between exercising and sports as they provide not just activity but also a unique and valuable social context.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.