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EN
The aim of this study was to determine seasonal changes in the occurrence of carbon forms inwater and bottom sediment in lakes with a different type of mixing. The study was conducted in five urban lakes located in Olsztyn: Track, Sukiel, Podkówka, Redykajny and Tyrsko. The research was carried out in March, April, August and November. We analyzed TOC, DOC and IC in samples of water collected near the surface and near the bottom, as well as in the overlying and interstitial layerof 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm of sediment. The dominant form of carbon in urban lakes is organic carbon,whose share in the surface water layer in the lakes analyzed in the present study was from 29.3 to58.4% of the total pool of carbon, and the near-bottom layer was characterized by values ranging from28.2 to 66%, while the layer of overlying water contained from 34.2 to 63.6% of the total amount of carbon. In the interstitial water, the percentage of organic carbon in the total pool was from 40.1 to 94% within the 0–5 cm layer of sediment and from 56.4 to 88.1% in the layer of sediment at the depth of 5–10 cm. The percentage of inorganic carbon forms ranged from 2.94% to 71.79% of the total amount of carbon. The carbon cycle in lake water depends not only on the inflow of this element from the catchment, but also on its release from the bottom sediment, which can be a large reservoir of organic carbon in lakes
PL
Celem pracy było określenie sezonowych zmian zawartości węgla w wodzie i osadach dennych w jeziorach o zróżnicowanym typie mieszania. Badania przeprowadzono w pięciu jeziorach miejskich Olsztyna: Track, Sukiel, Podkówka, Redykajny, Tyrsko w marcu, kwietniu, sierpniu i w listopadzie.W pobranych próbkach wody zbadano zawartość TOC, DOC oraz IC. Wodę do badań pobierano z warstwy powierzchniowej, naddennej, nadosadowej oraz interstycjalnej (0–5 i 5–10 cm).Dominującą formą węgla w jeziorach miejskich był węgiel organiczny, którego udział w całkowitej puli węgla wynosił od 29,3% do 58,4% w wodzie powierzchniowej, a w wodzie naddennej od 28,2% do66%, natomiast w wodzie nadosadowej od 34,2% do 63,6%. W wodzie interstycjalnej procentowa zawartość węgla organicznego wynosiła od 40,1% do 94% w warstwie 0–5 cm osadów, a w warstwie 5–10 cm od 56,4% do 88,1%. Zawartość procentowa węgla nieorganicznego wynosiła od 2,94% do 71,29% całkowitej puli węgla. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że obieg węgla w wodzie jeziorowej będzie zależał nie tylko od jego dopływu ze zlewni, ale również od uwalniania tego składnika z osadów dennych, które mogą być dużym rezerwuarem węgla organicznego w jeziorze
EN
The characteristics of specific conductiviy, x, were studied in concentrated lithium hexafluoroarsenate solutions in equimolar mixture of propylene carbonate, PC, and acetonirile, AN, in the concentration range from 0.28 to 1.21 mol. kg-l at temperatures -25, -15, -10, -5,0,5, 10,15,18,20 and 25°C. The results were analysed in terms of Casteel-Amis equation; the maximum conductivity values, Xmax' and corresponding concentrations, m max' were calculated.
EN
The object of the study was Tyrsko Lake (area 18.6 ha, max. depth 30.4 m), located in the western part of Olsztyn (Olsztyn Lakeland). This lake is one of the clear water lakes in Olsztyn, but the progressive deterioration of water quality has been observed during recent years. The phosphorus concentration in the water-sediment interface, phosphorus fractions quantity and the amount of components which can bind this element was investigated in the upper (0–5 cm) layer of deposits. The aim of study was to analyze the potential influence of bottom sediment on the lake water quality. The obtained results revealed that the bottom sediment of Tyrsko Lake can be classified as mixed, silica-organic type, with a relatively high content of iron (over 4% Fe in d.w.). The total phosphorus content was ca. 3.5 mg P g,-1 d.w. on average. Phosphorus in the bottom sediment was bound mainly with organic matter (NaOH-nrP fraction), which had over 50% share in TP. Highly mobile fractions (NH4-Cl-P and BD-P) together only included ca. 5% to 7% TP. The obtained results show that the bottom sediment of Tyrsko Lake can bind phosphorus quite effectively. The calculated internal mineral phosphorus loading during summer stagnation period was 10.9 kg and it was lower that the assessed annual external phosphorus load (22.6 kg). The assessed annual phosphorus loading from both sources was still lower than the critical load according to Vollenweider criteria. However, due to the fact that the internal loading phenomenon is occurring in the lake, it should be taken into consideration that the lake water quality can deteriorate gradually during the longer time perspective. These findings should be accounted for in the future if the potential protection and restoration procedures will be developed.
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