Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Semi-Markov model of the operation process included in an utilization subsystem of the transport system

100%

Migawa K.

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tom Nr 2

87-97

EN

Based on the identification of the detailed subsystem in a real urban transport system and the process of transport means operation utilized therein, a model of such process was built. For this purpose, crucial states of operation process utilized in a detailed subsystem were determined as well as possible transfers between those states. Based on this, an event-based model of the operation process of transport means included in the utilization subsystem was built, assuming that its model is the homogenous semi-Markov process. For operation data obtained after research conducted in a real transport system, values of unconditional periods of duration of process states, values of stationary distribution included in the Markov chain as well as values of probabilities of limit distribution of the semi-Markov process were determined. Based on this, an analysis of the transport means operation system in question was performed. This consideration in its entirety was presented based on the example of a chosen real transport means system - municipal bus transport system in a chosen urban complex. The semi-Markov model of transport means operation process utilized in the detailed subsystem presented in the article is the consecutive stage of the creation of the resultant model of operation process for the whole transport system. The resultant model will be a part of the decision-making model of shaping and evaluating the availability of transport system established as a part of a larger project.

PL

Na podstawie identyfikacji podsystemu wykonawczego w rzeczywistym systemie komunikacji miejskiej i realizowanego w nim procesu eksploatacji środków transportu został zbudowany model tego procesu. W tym celu wyznaczono istotne stany procesu eksploatacji realizowanego w podsystemie wykonawczym oraz możliwe przejścia między wyróżnionymi stanami. Na tej podstawie zbudowano zdarzeniowy model procesu eksploatacji środków transportu realizowanego w podsystemie wykonawczym, a następnie matematyczny model tego procesu, zakładając, że jego modelem jest jednorodny proces semi-Markowa. Dla danych eksploatacyjnych, uzyskanych z badań przeprowadzonych w rzeczywistym systemie transportowym, wyznaczono wartości bezwarunkowych czasów trwania stanów procesu, wartości rozkładu stacjonarnego włożonego w proces łańcucha Markowa oraz wartości prawdopodobieństw rozkładu granicznego procesu semi-Markowa. Na tej podstawie dokonano analizy rozpatrywanego procesu eksploatacji środków transportu. Całość rozważań przedstawiono na przykładzie wybranego rzeczywistego systemu eksploatacji środków transportu - systemu autobusowej komunikacji miejskiej w wybranej aglomeracji. Prezentowany w artykule semimarkowski model procesu eksploatacji środków transportu realizowanego w podsystemie wykonawczym, jest kolejnym etapem budowy modelu wynikowego procesu eksploatacji dla całego systemu transportowego. Model wynikowy stanowić będzie część składową, opracowywanego w ramach szerszego projektu, decyzyjnego modelu kształtowania i oceny gotowości systemu transportowego.

2

The method of the evaluation of the efficiency of the processes carried out at traffic maintenance subsystem posts

100%

Migawa K.

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tom Vol. 24, iss. 4

509--517

EN

In the systems of the exploitation of means of transport in order to assure correct carrying out of the assigned transport tasks, it is necessary to maintain the required number of vehicles in the state of task availability. It is obtained as a result of carrying out of service and repair processes at the traffic maintenance subsystem posts. From the point of view of the effectiveness of the operation of the systems of the exploitation of means of transport, the damaged technological objects should be serviced in the shortest possible time. In the case of the system of the exploitation of means of transport the task of the traffic maintenance subsystem is the servicing of the required number of damaged means of transport over the assigned time interval defined by the transport task timetable. One of the methods of the evaluation of the degree of carrying out of the processes at the traffic maintenance subsystem posts is defining the efficiency of the posts of the subsystem. This paper presents the method of defining the efficiency of traffic maintenance subsystem in the system of the exploitation of means of transport measured by the probability value of servicing of the required number of technological objects over the assigned time interval. The resulting characteristics were presented on a general basis as well as in the form of exponential distribution and Erlang distribution. Moreover, for the utilization data obtained in tests carried out in an actual means of transport system the values of the analyzed characteristics were defined. The evaluation of the efficiency of the traffic maintenance subsystem posts may serve as the basis of decision making as to the change of the number and type of the used service and repair posts in the tested system as well as modification of the carried out exploitation strategy. The suggested method may be used for individual post, a group of posts of a given type as well as for a subsystem of traffic maintenance analyzed as a whole.

PL

W systemach eksploatacji środków transportu, w celu zapewnienia prawidłowej realizacji przydzielonych zadań przewozowych, konieczne jest utrzymywanie wymaganej liczby pojazdów w stanie zdatności zadaniowej. Uzyskiwane jest to w wyniku realizacji procesów obsługowo-naprawczych na stanowiskach podsystemu utrzymania ruchu. Z punktu widzenia efektywności działania systemu eksploatacji środków transportu, uszkodzone obiekty techniczne powinny zostać uzdatnione w możliwie najkrótszym czasie. W przypadku systemu eksploatacji środków transportu, zadaniem podsystemu utrzymania ruchu jest uzdatnienie wymaganej liczby uszkodzonych środków transportu, w przeznaczonym na ten cel przedziale czasu, określonym harmonogramem realizowanych zadań przewozowych. Jednym ze sposobów oceny stopnia realizacji procesów na stanowiskach podsystemu utrzymania ruchu jest wyznaczenie wydajności stanowisk tego podsystemu. W artykule przedstawiono metodę wyznaczania wydajności stanowisk podsystemu utrzymania ruchu w systemie eksploatacji środków transportu, mierzonej wartością prawdopodobieństwa uzdatnienia wymaganej liczby obiektów technicznych w przeznaczonym na ten cel przedziale czasu. Opracowane charakterystyki zostały przedstawione w sposób ogólny oraz dla rozkładu wykładniczego i rozkładu Erlanga. Następnie dla danych eksploatacyjnych, uzyskanych z badań przeprowadzonych w rzeczywistym systemie eksploatacji środków transportu, wyznaczono wartości analizowanych charakterystyk. Ocena wydajności stanowisk podsystemu utrzymania ruchu może stanowić podstawę podjęcia decyzji o zmianie liczby i typu stosowanych stanowisk obsługowo-naprawczych w badanym systemie oraz modyfikacji realizowanej strategii eksploatacyjnej. Zaproponowana metoda może być zastosowana zarówno dla pojedynczego stanowiska, zespołu stanowisk danego typu oraz dla podsystemu utrzymania ruchu analizowanego jako całość.

3

The evaluation metod of transport system on the basis of Semi-Markov model of the operation and maintenance process

63%

Woropay M. , Migawa K.

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2014

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tom No. 3 (31)

63--72

EN

The article presents a method for assessment of availability and risk functioning of technical objects (transport means) in an executive subsystem. Indexes of the availability and risk connected with functioning of a single technical object have been determined on the basis of a mathematical model of the operation and maintenance process, in the studied transportation system. A Mathematical model of the operation and maintenance process has been developed with acceptance of an assumption that the process model is to be represented by a homogeneous Markov model X(t).

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodę oceny gotowości i ryzyka funkcjonowania obiektów technicznych (środków transportu) w podsystemie wykonawczym systemu transportowego. Wskaźniki gotowości i ryzyka funkcjonowania pojedynczego obiektu technicznego zostały wyznaczone na podstawie matematycznego modelu procesu eksploatacji, realizowanego w badanym systemie transportowym. Model matematyczny procesu eksploatacji został zbudowany przy przyjęciu założenia, że modelem tego procesu jest jednorodny proces Markowa X(t).

4

Multi-state model of maintenance policy

63%

Knopik L. , Migawa K.

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tom Vol. 20, no. 1

125--130

EN

Preventive replacement is applied to improve the device availability or increase the profit per unit time of the maintenance system. In this paper, we study age-replacement model of technical object for n-state system model. The criteria function applied in this paper describe profit per unit time or coefficient of availability. The probability distribution of a unit‘s failure time is assumed to be known, and preventive replacement strategy will be used over very long period of time. We investigate the problem of maximization of profit per unit time and coefficient availability for increasing the failure rate function of the lifetime and for a wider class of lifetime. The purpose of this paper is to obtain conditions under which the profit per unit time approaches a maximum. In this paper we shows that the criteria function (profit per unit time or coefficient availability) can be expressed using the matrix calculation method. Finally, a numerical example to evaluate an optimal replacement age is presented.

PL

Wymiany prewencyjne stosuje się w celu podnoszenia gotowości systemów eksploatacji maszyn i wzrostu dochodu na jednostkę czasu systemu eksploatacji. W pracy analizuje się model wymian obiektów technicznych według wieku dla n-stanowego systemu. Funkcja kryterialna stosowana w pracy wyraża zysk przypadający na jednostkę czasu lub współczynnik gotowości. Zakłada się, że rozkład prawdopodobieństwa czasu do uszkodzenia obiektu technicznego jest znany i strategia wymian prewencyjnych będzie stosowana na długim przedziale czasowym. Bada się problem maksymalizacji zysku na jednostkę czasu i współczynnika gotowości dla rosnącej funkcji intensywności uszkodzeń lub funkcji intensywności z szerszej klasy. Celem tej pracy jest sformułowanie warunków, przy których zysk na jednostkę czasu osiąga maksimum. W pracy pokazano, że badaną funkcję kryterialną (zysk na jednostkę czasu lub współczynnik gotowości) można wyrazić za pomocą metod rachunku macierzowego. Na końcu pracy przedstawiono przykład numeryczny oceny optymalnego wieku wymiany dla rzeczywistego procesu eksploatacji.

5

Influence of malfunctions of selected bus subsystems on bus transportation safety

51%

Bojar P. , Woropay M. , Migawa K.

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2016

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tom No. 39

79--96

EN

This article introduces division of transport systems into land transport systems (road and rail) as well as land and water transport systems (inland and sea), depending on the type of environment in which these systems carry out their tasks. Such systems comprise the class of social engineering systems of the Man – Technological Object – Environment (M – TO – E) type. Such systems are influenced by forcing factors, leading to changes in their condition. Such factors may be divided into operational, external and anthropotechnical and they cause the degradation of the system on various levels, including a decrease of the degree of its safety. The article attempts to evaluate the safety of the operation of transport systems on the basis of the evaluation of the safety of the transport process carried out over a defined time interval Δt. The evaluation of the safety of the implemented transport process was prepared on the basis of a set of calculated index values determined depending on the type of transport.

PL

W pracy dokonano klasyfikacji systemów transportowych na systemy: transportu lądowego (drogowego i kolejowego), transportu powietrznego i wodnego (śródlądowego i morskiego), w zależności od rodzaju otoczenia, w którym systemy te realizują swoje zadania. Systemy te należą do klasy systemów socjotechnicznych typu Człowiek – Obiekt Techniczny – Otoczenie, . Na systemy te oddziaływają czynniki wymuszające powodujące zmiany ich stanów. Czynniki te można podzielić na: robocze, zewnętrzne i antropotechniczne, które w różnym stopniu oddziaływają na system i w różny sposób wpływają na jego degradację, powodującą obniżenie poziomu bezpieczeństwa jego działania. W pracy podjęto próbę wpływ uszkodzeń wybranych podsystemów autobusów na bezpieczeństwo realizowanych przewozów

6

Method for assessment of risks connected with technical object functioning on the basis of Markov model of operation process

51%

Woropay M. , Migawa K. , Bojar P. , Szubartowski M.

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tom Vol. 18, No. 4

563-569

EN

In the article, a method for assessment of risks connected with a technical object functioning has been studied, in a selected operating system. An urban system of bus transportation, in a selected urban complex, has been chosen as the research object. Functioning of each technical object operating system, including transportation systems, is dependent on its possibility to perform properly the assigned transport task. One of the methods for assessment of the transportation system ability to accomplish the assigned transport task in a proper way is determination of the transport means operation risk. The presented approach involves determination of indexes defining the risks connected with functioning of one technical object (transport means) in an executive subsystem. Indexes of the risk connected with functioning of a single technical object have been determined on the basis of a mathematical model of the operation process, in the studied transportation system. On the basis of the identification of the authentic transport system and the means of transport operation process carried out in it, crucial operational states were designed as well as the possibilities of transferring between the particular states. Based on that, an event-centered model of the use of the means of transport was built, followed by a mathematical model of that process. A Mathematical model of the operation process has been developed with acceptance of an assumption that the process model is to be represented by a homogeneous Markov model X(t). In this paper, the transport means operation risk is determined as a product of probability (or sum of probabilities) of its being in an undesirable state (states) of the Markov model of transport means operation process and the size of the damage in effect of being in the state (states). The size of the suffered damage is measured by a product of time and unit cost whose quantities are connected with being in the operation process undesirable state or states. Assessment of risk connected with technical objects operation and maintenance can be the point of reference to formulate design requirements concerning durability and reliability of the operated objects (transport means) as well as assumptions concerning design or modernization of the technical means necessary for assurance of the vehicle availability in a given transport system.

7

Analysis of costs of repairs of undesirable events occurring in a municipal bus transportation system

51%

Bojar P. , Woropay M. , Migawa K. , Szubartowski M.

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tom Vol. 18, No. 4

19-24

EN

Systems of public transport carry out their tasks on the territory of a given town and in the suburbs performing the same functions as in towns. A distinctive feature of this type of system is performance of its task for twenty four hours, in different traffic intensity conditions over an assigned administrative area. This type of variables has a large influence on occurrence of undesirable events (failure of vehicles and their devastation, collision and accidents). In the work, an attempt of identification of undesirable events occurring in the analyzed transport system has been made. Moreover, an analysis has been made which covers one day of the week, time of the day and weather conditions in which particular events took place. Another aspect of the work was to make an analysis of the vehicle driver's age, job experience and a given hour of work on the day of the event occurrence. Obtainment of such data allowed demonstrating the structure of events according to the criterion of the event type, and costs connected with bringing the damaged transport means to the state of serviceability. The obtained results of experimental tests provide a basis for taking rational decisions by decision makers employed in a given system. These decisions are supposed to reduce the number of undesirable events occurrence and costs connected with them.

8

Availability of a technical object determined in a finite time interval

51%

Woropay M. , Migawa K. , Bojar P. , Szubartowski M.

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tom Vol. 18, No. 4

555-562

EN

In the article, a method for determination of the technical object availability, GO (r) in a finite time interval x, defined by the time of the transport task duration, has been discussed. All of the study has been presented on the example of a selected system of technical object operation - a system of transport means operation, in a big urban complex (more than 400 thousand inhabitants). Direct performance of the transport tasks in the analyzed system is the responsibility of an executive system consisting of elementary subsystems of the type operator- transport means. Availability of transport means elementary subsystems is crucial for efficient accomplishment of transport tasks. The presented method involves determination of the technical object availability, on the basis of a mathematical model of the operation process which takes place in the studied system, taking into consideration the technical object reliability characteristics. For this purpose, significant states of the transport means operation have been determined and they have been classified in terms of the availability criterion. Basing on this, an event and mathematical models of transport means operation process have been developed, with the semi Markov homogenous model serving as a mathematical model of the studied operation process. Also, values of the analyzed characteristics have been determined.

9

Method of availability control of the transport means

51%

Woropay M. , Migawa K. , Neubauer A.

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tom Vol. 20, No. 4

485--492

EN

The problems presented in this article deal with operation and maintenance process control in complex systems of technical object operation and maintenance. The article presents the description of the method concerning the control availability for technical objects (means of transport) on the basis of the mathematical model of the operation and maintenance process with the implementation of the decisive processes by semi-Markov. The presented method means focused on the preparing the decisive for the operation and maintenance process for technical objects (semi-Markov model) and after that specifying the best control strategy (optimal strategy) from among possible decisive variants in accordance with the approved criterion (criteria) of the activity evaluation of the system of technical objects operation and maintenance. In the presented method specifying the optimal strategy for control availability in the technical objects means a choice of a sequence of control decisions made in individual states of modelled operation and maintenance process for which the function being a criterion of evaluation reaches the extreme value. In order to choose the optimal control strategy the implementation of the genetic algorithm was chosen. Depending on one’s needs, the genetic algorithm including the obtained model of operation and maintenance process may be implemented for mathematic formulation and solution of a wide array of problems connected with control of complex systems of technical object operation and maintenance. It pertains mostly to the economic analysis, safety management and controlling availability and reliability of complex systems. The opinions were presented on the example of the operation and maintenance process of the means of transport implemented in the real system of the bus municipal transport.

10

Implementation of modular trucks into road transport

51%

Muślewski Ł. , Landowski B. , Woropay M. , Migawa K.

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tom No. 44

97--118

EN

In this article, an analysis of modular truck application in the road transport in Poland has been made. Terminology has been unified. Classification and law regulations applicable in different European countries and all over the world have been discussed. An analysis of existing solutions has been made and an optimal variant for road freight transport, including the condition and parameters of the road infrastructure in Poland, has been proposed. The study presents initial conceptual assumptions of this project as well as advisability of using these modular trucks, on the basis of a selected research object – the analyzed transport company. On this example, an analysis of costs and potential profits to be generated from transport services performed using the proposed modular trucks and with reference to costs borne by the investigated company with the use of currently operated transport means, has been made.

PL

W niniejszym artykule zrealizowano analizę i ocenę zastosowania systemów modułowych w transporcie drogowym w Polsce. Dokonano ujednolicenia terminologii, klasyfikacji oraz uwarunkowań prawnych obowiązujących w innych krajach europejskich i na świecie. W pracy dokonano analizy funkcjonujących rozwiązań i zaproponowano wybór optymalnego wariantu dla samochodowego transportu towarowego w Polsce, z uwzględnieniem stanu i parametrów krajowej infrastruktury drogowej. W opracowaniu opisano wstępne założenia koncepcyjne w tym obszarze, jak również dokonano analizy celowości zastosowania niniejszych zestawów modułowych na przykładzie wybranego obiektu badań - analizowanego przedsiębiorstwa transportowego, stanowiącego obiekt badań. Na jego przykładzie dokonano analizy kosztów i szacunkowych zysków z realizowanych procesów transportowych, z wykorzystaniem proponowanych zespołów modułowych, w odniesieniu do kosztów ponoszonych przez badane przedsiębiorstwo z zastosowaniem obecnie eksploatowanych środków transportowych.

11

Transport system readiness determined on the basis of Markov model of an operation and maintenance process

51%

Woropay M. , Migawa K. , Wdzięczny A.

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tom Vol. 34, no 3

61-66

EN

This paper presents a method to determine readiness of a complex technical system on the basis of Markov model of technical objects operation and maintenance process. All the considerations have been presented on an example of a selected real urban means of transport operation and maintenance system. By identifying the system under investigation and the multi-state operation and maintenance process being carried out within it, an event-based and mathematical model was built, assuming that the model of that process was a homogeneous Markov process X(t). Afterwards limiting probabilities pi of staying in the process states X(t) and transport system readiness were determined for the operation and maintenance data obtained from the investigations of the real transport operation and maintenance process.

12

The method of evaluation of the availability of the transport system for the realization of the assigned transport task

51%

Woropay M. , Migawa K. , Bojar P.

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tom Vol. 17, No. 3

505-512

EN

The article presents the method of evaluation of the availability of the utilization subsystem in a transport system. The method includes the defining and comparison of the values of the availability of the utilization subsystem to the value of the required availability. The article also deals with the way of defining the minimum availability of an individual technological object (means of transport) as well as the minimum number of technological objects used in the system, in order for the obtained value of the availability of the utilization subsystem to exceed the value of the required availability determined by the parameters of transport task. The values of the availability of the utilization subsystem are defined according to the availability of an individual technological object, the number of objects used in the system as well as the structure by which the individual technological objects are linked. The availability of the individual technological object was defined on the basis of a constructed mathematical model of the utilization process realized in the tested transport system. Then, for the utilization data obtained during tests conducted in an existing transport system, the values of the analyzed characteristics were defined. The presented results are the effect of research conducted as part o f a larger research project pertaining to the creation o f a decision-making model of controlling the availability of a transport system.

13

System wymuszonego dawkowania zawiesiny ściernej w docieraniu powierzchni płaskich

51%

Gniot M. , Barylski A. , Migawa K.

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2017

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tom R. 90, nr 10

894--896

PL

Przedstawiono innowacyjny system dawkowania zawiesiny ściernej. System ten umożliwia sterowanie procesem dawkowania i nanoszenia zawiesiny na powierzchnię docieraka tarczowego. Układ składa się z wysokociśnieniowego zbiornika wyposażonego w mieszadło o napędzie pneumatycznym, które zapewnia ciągłe mieszanie zawiesiny ściernej. Częścią układu jest również urządzenie nanoszące komponent na docierak i elektroniczny układ sterowania procesem dawkowania wymuszonego.

EN

An innovative dosing system for abrasive blast wear is presented. This system allows the dosing and dispensing process to be controlled on the surface of the disc scraper. The system consists of a high-pressure tank equipped with a pneumatic propulsion mixer which ensures continuous mixing of the abrasive suspension. The system also includes a device for applying the component for the lathe and electronic control of the forced dosage process.

14

Proposal of a method to evaluate of include of the undesirable human factors on safety operation of the transport system

51%

Bojar P. , Migawa K. , Woropay M.

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tom Vol. 17, No. 3

33-39

EN

An anthropo-technical system is a pair Human -Technical Object performing their tasks in the environment E . In systems of this type threats can be posed by a human H, technical object TO, and the environmental impact on the technical object and people present within the system or its environment. The level of undesirable influence of the human factor on safety of the system operation depends on the human location in the analyzed system. In the work there has been madę an attempt to develop a method for assessment of undesirable errors of people situated in an anthropo-technical system and its environment. Error is an inseparable attribute of human behaviour. Depending on the situation, a human error can lead to deviations from the terms of task accomplishment, it can threaten their safety and be the cause of an undesirable event occurrence. Errors can be divided into the following groups: Training errors these are errors connected with the technique of vehicle driving, decision errors which in situations posing a threat to the system safety largely depend on the situation assessment, making and following a decision of rational control of the vehicle, and Information reception errors resulting from failing to notice signals informing about operation of the vehicle particular subsystems or a change of the road conditions or noticing them too late. For this purpose an algorithm of assessment of people 's undesirable actions has been developed. The proposed method for assessment of the impact of undesirable actions of people involved in an antropo-technical system and its environment is a complex method which accountsfor different human behaviours.