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IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE LEVEL OF LABOUR COSTS AND FACTORS DEPENDENT ON THEM (Identyfikacja czynników wplywajacych na wysokosc kosztów pracy oraz czynników od nich zaleznych)

100%

Banasik P.

Pieniądze i Więź

2009

tom 12

nr 4(45)

38-48

Labour costs is a very important economic as well as social issue. Its amount is determined by the amount of employment and wages. At the same time, level of labour costs may be one of the factors that determine the rate of inflation. From the comparative analysis of labour costs, carried out in the article, it appears that these costs are influenced by many factors, but especially by: remuneration amount, including the minimum wage in force in the country; the relation between salary and efficiency; the sort of economic activity carried out by the entrepreneurs; the employment structure that occurs in companies; the quantity of non-salary encumbrances and charges; the amount and manner of financing the state budget from the encumbrances directly connected with the work factor; the amount of charges and taxes encumbering the salary. The amount of labour costs is the more important for the entrepreneurs the larger is their share in the general amount of entrepreneur's expenses. High labour costs can greatly disturb development, especially of small and medium entrepreneurs. That is why every entrepreneur should thoroughly analyse their structure of expenses, including the labour costs.

ANALYSIS OF LABOUR COSTS OF TRADITIONAL AND FLEXIBLE EMPLOYMENT MODES IN RELATION TO WORK EFFICIENCY IN POLAND AND OTHER EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES (Polish title - below)

100%

Banasik P.

Pieniądze i Więź

2010

tom 13

nr 1(46)

74-83

(Title in Polish - 'Analiza kosztów pracy w ramach zatrudnienia tradycyjnego i elastycznego w relacji do wydajnosci pracy w Polsce oraz innych krajach Unii Europejskiej'). Achievement of higher rates of work efficiency in the Middle-Eastern Europe countries can be reached by creating new workplaces and reducing the unemployment in traditional sectors, being capable of absorbing IT and telecommunication innovations created abroad. It also seems that in long-term time period it is most profitable to invest in human capital. Investments in human capital increase work efficiency, generate raise of employees' income, as well as entrepreneurs' and even countries', and in the end lead to reduction of labour costs. In this area entrepreneurs, as well as the governments should stimulate employees to self-education and increasing professional qualifications which facilitate performance of changing duties. As a result it can enable employees to adapt to changing demands of the labour market. Of course, the assumptions of the 'Green Book' referring to modernization of labour law in order to come up to the challenges of 21st century, are right. Apart from investments in human capital in Poland, it seems that further increase of flexibility on the labour market is necessary. Strict law in employment protection area decreases the dynamics of labour market and worsens employee's prospects. As it was underlined in European Commission's report on employment in Europe in 2006, unintended deregulation of labour market leads to segmentation of labour market and decreases the efficiency of employees. That is why it seems necessary to, at least partially, leave strict frames of traditional employment mode and regulate this area only in necessary range. Such actions can lead to improvement in work efficiency since it is typical - as the researches carried out by the author of this article have shown - that using the flexible employment mode by the entrepreneurs leads to increase in work efficiency.