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Hybridization of Culture in the Discussion and Concepts of Globalization

100%

Nobis A.

2007

tom 1

nr 3

5-19

In discussing globalization, various authors refer for different reasons to the category of hybridity and hybridization of culture. Each time it becomes a tool with the use of which they attempt to solve various, at times similar, sometimes disparate problems. Searching for answers to different questions and thus rendering the category of hybridization dissimilar meanings, social scientists engage it into contexts of manifold researches, controversies and debates. At the same time, the said category - when introduced into the realm of disputes over globalization - provokes one to pose further questions and spawns another discussions and controversies. Over the past few years the category of hybridization has become increasingly present in numerous conceptions and discourses on globalisation It has been referred to by various authors, both by the opponents and enthusiasts of globalisation, by those who lay hope in its progression and by those who fear it. In fact, even the hardest critics of certain uses and abuses of the notion of hybridization, can create new meanings and contexts for the use of it.

Threat making co-operation or how to increase the probability of co-operation in prisoner's dilemma

63%

Pawłowski B. , Nobis A.

1998

tom Vol. 3, No. 1

112-119

Co-operation as a process of integration of co-operative individuals or groups, is the desirable state in different kinds of systems. One of the factors conducing to co-operation, as postulated in this paper, can be a threat. On all levels of biological and social integration there are a lot of examples in which a threat itself was a very strong mechanism for inducing co-operation. Higher primate and human sociality is the result of deifferent kinds of threats, they had to cope with in their evolutionary past. Yet, to work a threat must have some properties. Because of the 2nd or the 3rd order intentionality apparent in the higher primates and in the man, to induce or sustain the co-operation, the threat does not have to be real, it can be imagined or artificial. The probability of perceiving a threat in a similar way is higher when individuals have the similar outlook of life. We also consider how to increase the probability of co-operation even in the one-move Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game. In our modified PD game the players are aware of the other player beliefs and they can be warn be the 'demon' about the second step in the game that we introduced in our model. The winners, or the winners, in the case of co-operation, after the 1st step must face with the third factor (a threat) in the 2nd step of the game. This more complicated and closer to the real life situations model shows how the co-operation could be established in a very short time.

Nowe, obfite stanowisko bulawnika czerwonego Cephalanthera rubra L.Rich.[Orchidaceae] we wschodniej czesci Kotliny Sandomierskiej

63%

Nobis A. , Nobis M.

tom 62

nr 3

101-104