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2 Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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Leaf-water relations and ion concentrations of the halophyte Atriplex hortensis in response to salinity and water stress

100%

Sai Kachout S. , Ben Mansoura A. , Jaffel Hamza K. , Leclere J. C. , Rejeb M. N. , Ouerghi Z.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

2011

tom 33

nr 2

The impact of salinity and water stress was analyzed in the xero-halophyte Atriplex hortensis using two varieties: green orach (A. hortensis var. purpurea) and red orach (A. hortensis var. rubra). A. hortensis L. is a C₃ species well adapted to salt and drought conditions. To collect information on the physiological impact of different salt and water deficit levels on their water stress resistance, plants were exposed for 3 months to solution containing four levels of NaCl or to water stress regimes including four levels of field capacity. Osmotic potential at zero turgor Ψ⁰s, osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψ¹⁰⁰s ), relative water content (RWC), ion concentration (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Cl⁻), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined at the end of the treatment. The salinity and water stress induced a decrease in Ψ¹⁰⁰s , Ψ⁰s, and RWC in both varieties, recorded changes being higher in plants of red variety than those of green variety. Both varieties specifically accumulated Na⁺ in response to drought and salt stress, suggesting that this element could play a physiological role in the stress response of this xero-halophyte species. In contrast, the presence of NaCl and water stress induced a decrease in K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ concentration in both varieties. Salinity clearly induced an increase in Cl– concentration in all tissues, but water stress had no impact on this parameter. MDA concentration increased in response to water stress and exogenous NaCl. Based on these findings the more drought-tolerant red orach may be grown in water-limiting soils.

Short-term response of wild grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris) to NaCl salinity exposure: changes of some physiological and molecular characteristics

84%

Askri H. , Daldoul S. , Ammar A. B. , Rejeb S. , Jardak R. , Rejeb M. N. , Mliki A. , Ghorbel A.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

2012

tom 34

nr 3

The physiological and molecular response to salt stress was studied in two wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris or Vitis sylvestris) accessions ‘‘Khédhayria’’ and ‘‘Houamdia’’, previously identified as salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive pair wise. Plants from both accessions were subjected to a progressive salt stress by the use of a nutritional solution containing up to 150 mM NaCl for 2 weeks. Salt stress adversely affected growth and water potential since the first day of exposure to 150 mM NaCl. However, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were unchanged until 14 days of salt exposure. At that time point the predawn water potential (ΨPD), the non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence (NPQ) and the coefficient of photochemical quenching (qp) were significantly less altered in the tolerant accession. At the molecular level semi-quantitative RT-PCR assays revealed a differential expression of (Vs α-gal/SIP and Vs DHN) genes within these contrasting accessions after exposure to 24 h and 14 days of salt. Comparably, the Vs RD22 gene had increased slightly after only 14 days of treatment in both accessions. These results were the first pieces of information reported on the early and late regulation of salt response genes in wild grapevines. Furthermore, genotype-dependent parameters such as NPQ, qp, mRNA levels of Vs α-gal/SIP and Vs DHN could be used to screen salt-tolerant wild grapevine genotypes.