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AGENDA-SETTING EFFECT OF FOCUSING EVENTS: A CASE STUDY OF THE CHURCH RESTITUTIONS ISSUE

100%

Váně J. , Kalvas F.

Sociológia (Sociology)

2013

tom 45

nr 3

290 – 315

The authors examine the role of media coverage of events in the process of public agenda setting. They define focusing events according to Kingdon (1995) as events that call attention to problems and issues. Scholars have introduced several typologies of media coverage in the long tradition of agenda-setting research. However, no previous work has examined the differing effects of news items exclusively in terms of (a) issues, (b) a focusing event, and (c) both an issue and a respective focusing event. Their research question is: “Does a focusing event strengthen the effect of a news item by setting the personal agendas of members of the public?” To answer the question, the authors chose the cognitive portrait research design and used individual data to study the issue (see the Acapulco typology, McCombs 2004) of Church property restitutions in the Czech Republic. Their focusing event is St. Vitus Cathedral trial. They use data from a weekly panel survey of the events deemed most important by respondents between April and May 2008. They combine these panel data with the results of a content analysis that monitored the total number of news items referring to Church restitutions and St. Vitus Cathedral trial (Vinopal 2009). Their results show that the coverage of a focusing event has a significant positive effect on setting the respective issue as a personal agenda, but the coverage of a focusing event is unable to influence the agenda-setting process on its own. A focusing event must be contextualized (i.e., mentioned in the same text as the issue) to affect a recipient’s personal agenda. The authors suggest carefully distinguishing between the coverage of mere issues and contextualized coverage of a respective focusing event in future agenda-setting research.

Rámcování a nastolování agendy: Dva paralelní procesy v interakci

80%

Kalvas F. , Váně J. , Štípková M. , Kreidl M.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

2012

tom 48

nr 1

3-38

In this article the authors interconnect the framing and agenda-setting theories of mass-communication effects. They postulate that the framing process creates conditions for the agenda-setting process and argue that differently framed news have different effects in the agenda-setting process. They hypothesise that issue-specific frames, episodic frames, and value frames have a stronger agenda-setting effect than generic frames, thematic frames, and strategy frames and suggest explaining the role of frames in the agendasetting process through the theory of cognitive dissonance. The hypotheses are tested using matched panel survey data on respondents’ personal agendas and using a content analysis of the media in relation to one particular issue. The selected issue – the restitution of property to the Catholic Church – was chosen because it contains a rich combination of frames. Moreover, this is an issue on which it is possible to study the effect of a ‘focusing event’, which may have an additional and distinct effect in addition to the ‘regular’ frames. The authors show that differently framed news do indeed have distinctive effects on personal agenda-setting. Some frames have a strong positive effect, while others have no effect. They even identify one frame that appears to have a slightly negative net effect on personal agenda-setting. This is a somewhat revolutionary fi nding, since it demonstrates that, unlike the predictions made by the agenda-setting theory, people may (under certain conditions) react to the heightened media exposure of an issue by denying its importance.