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Monitoring of the Influence of Landfills on the Atmospheric Air Using Bioindication Methods on the Example of the Zhytomyr Landfill, Ukraine

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Malovanyy M. , Korbut M. , Davydova I. , Tymchuk I.

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tom Vol. 22, nr 6

36--49

EN

The paper presents the results of research on the implementation of monitoring of the landfills influence on the atmospheric air using bioindication methods on the example of the Zhytomyr landfill (Ukraine)–one of the typical Ukrainian landfills, which is operated with minimal environmental protection measures. A comprehensive study of atmospheric air pollution in the landfill area was carried out using a human sensor system and an integral assessment using bioindication (lichens were chosen as bioindicators). The study revealed a reliable exponential dependence for modeling the relationship between the distance from the source of gas formation (solid waste landfill in the city of Zhytomyr) and the intensity of odor. The level of atmospheric air pollution was also determined based on the assessment of the projective coverage of the tree trunk with lichens. The research revealed an exponential dependence for modeling the relationship between the distance from the landfill boundary and the total coverage of the tree trunk with lichens. The results of the analysis confirmed the correctness of the use of the aforementioned method. The relationship between the results obtained by the lichen indication method and the strength of the odor from the landfill was evaluated. Based on the results of calculating the relative values of the assessment of atmospheric air pollution by the method of coverage of the tree trunk with lichens and the strength of the odor, a regression analysis was carried out and mathematical relationships were determined, that most accurately describe the change in these indicators with distance from the landfill boundary. It is proved that both tested methods can be used in Ukrainian realities to monitor the state of atmospheric air in the area of influence of municipal landfills, depending on the purpose of research. The analysis of the research results confirmed the significance of the results of the obtained assessment of the impact of the Zhytomyr solid waste landfill on the state of atmospheric air. The materials of these studies can find further application for the formation of databases of knowledge of landfills, which will allow to develop a strategy for managing them as an object of increased environmental hazard.

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Assessment of the Condition of Pine Plantations in the Area of Influence of Municipal Waste Landfills on the Example of the Zhytomyr Landfill, Ukraine

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Korbut M. , Malovanyy M. , Davydova I. , Grechanik R. , Tymchuk I. , Popovych O.

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tom Vol. 22, iss. 5

40--46

EN

The paper presents the results of research to assess the degree of transformation of forest ecosystems in the area of influence of the Zhytomyr landfill (Ukraine) - one of the typical Ukrainian landfills, which is operated with minimal implementation of environmental protection measures. The study was conducted to identify the relationship between the condition of plantations and the functioning of municipal solid waste landfills. In the study of the estimation of the transformation degree of forest ecosystems in the area of influence of the municipal solid waste landfill in Zhytomyr, it was established that in the studied areas there was a decrease in bonitet by I-II classes, completeness by 0.1-0.2 units, growth by 13-35% in comparison with background values. On the basis of the research of the condition of pine plantations by categories of vital activity of trees the integral indicator was calculated – the index of the condition of forest stands, which characterizes the degree of their damage in the event of aerial pollution of soil and groundwater. It was determined that the maximum values of the index of forest stands condition were observed in the area closest to the landfill (2.88 units), i.e, these are severely weakened stands, the minimum in the control (1.28). Based on the results of the studies, it was established that Scots pine is a convenient and acceptable bioindicator for assessing the state of the environment in the area of influence of municipal landfills provided that its distribution is uniform on the territory and it is available for research. The sanitary condition of pine plantations deteriorates with the approach to the source of pollution. According to the established indices of the condition of pine plantations, a regression analysis was performed and a mathematical dependence was determined, which most accurately describes the change of these indicators with the distance from the landfill boundary. The approach used for bioindication studies of conifers can be recommended for implementation in practice as a method for assessing the transformation of the environment in the area of influence of municipal solid waste landfills.

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Mapping of Urbanized Territories Noise Level as a Basis for Developing a Complex of Noise-Reducing Measures

75%

Davydova I. , Korbut M. , Malovanyy M. , Shlapak V. , Mamray V. , Korobiichuk V.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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tom Vol. 23, iss. 6

32--41

EN

In modern conditions of urban areas development, the importance of protection against noise is increasing. Measures to reduce noise levels in the city’s districts should be comprehensive and combine both organizational and architectural-construction and engineering-technological measures. To determine the most optimal combination of countermeasures, it is necessary to initially identify the sources of noise, determine their features and parameters. A complete basis for development of a set of noise reduction methods and means can be mapping of noise levels, which visually allows to determine the intensity and direction of sound spreading. One of the districts of Zhytomyr, which is isolated from other parts of the city and is characterized by a developed infrastructure and heavy traffic, was chosen for noise measurements. Measurements were performed in areas characterized by uniformity of placement, coverage of all functional areas and ability to measure the noise level both at the source of its formation and within the residential area. Based on statistical processing of the experimental data cartographic models of spatial spread of noise pollution are developed. According to the results of the research, zones with different levels of noise pollution were identified. The created map allows to choose the most optimal measures to reduce noise exposure, taking into account the characteristics of each residential area. The design noise level was determined taking into account the measures and noise map was created. The estimated efficiency of the developed measures allows to reduce the total noise level inside the district by 7–8 dB.