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1 2024

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Potential Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Road Dusts Collected From Three Urban Roads of Enugu State, Nigeria

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Nnamani A. R. , Nduka J. K. , Ukamaka A. A.

World News of Natural Sciences

2024

tom 54

83-101

Dust samples from roads classified based on traffic volumes (low, medium and high traffic) were collected from three different urban roads in Enugu South LGA, Enugu State, Nigeria followed by assessment of human health risks of each heavy metals. The concentrations of heavy metals in road dust were determined using computerized Agilent FS240AA Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The heavy metal concentrations were dominated by Fe and Mn with mean concentration of 247.03 mg/kg and 26.43 mg/kg respectively. Other dominant elements were Cu and K with mean concentrations of 121.85 mg/kg and 73.39 mg/kg, respectively. The results revealed that the highest heavy metals in road are highest in industrial road site and commercial road while the dust from residential area has the lowest heavy metal concentration. Contrary to most metals detected, mercury (Hg) shows no detection. The health risk assessment through ingestion, dermal and inhalation contact was conducted according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) model for children and adults. The assessment of health risk indicated that there were mainly three exposure pathways for people: ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation. The main exposure pathway of heavy metals to both children and adults is ingestion. The values of HQ and HI are lower than the safe level (HI< 1), indicating no health risk exists in present condition. The cancer risk (CR) for children and adults from exposure to Pb, As, Ni, and Cr was found to be negligible (≤ 1 × 10−6). Meanwhile, the HI value for children is higher than that for adults, indicating that children have higher potential health risk than adults in the studied areas in Enugu state.