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2 Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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Mild hypothermia prevents the occurrence of cytotoxic brain edema in rats

100%

Schwab M. , Bauer R. , Zwiener U.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

1998

tom 58

nr 1

29-35

Hypothermia maintains the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier to proteins and, therefore, presumably the development of vasogenic brain edema after brain ischemia. We intended to determine whether mild hypothermia would have a protective effect against cytotoxic brain edema, the early stage of ischemic brain edema. Two groups of Wistar rats (37oC and 35oC body temperature) were subjected to 6 h of moderate decrease of cerebral blood flow (CBF) by means of permanent bilateral carotid artery ligation, and compared to a third group of unaffected animals. Carotid artery ligation induced a local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) reduction to 50-80% of baseline values. LCBF in the frontal cortex was restored to a higher level in hypothermic animals than in normothermic ones. In normothermic animals, an increase of brain water content was detected in the frontoparietal and occipital cortex as well as in the hippocampus, but only in one region of the frontoparietal cortex in hypothermic animals. The impermeability of the blood-brain barrier to proteins was shown by the absence of staining with Evans blue as an indicator of vasogenic brain edema. We conclude that mild hypothermia offers protection against the development of cytotoxic brain edema.

Stereotactic approach and electrophysiological characterization of thalamic reticular and dorsolateral nuclei of the juvenile pig

75%

Frasch M. G. , Walter B. , Brodhun M. , Friedrich H. , Eiselt M. , Bauer R.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

2006

tom 66

nr 1

43-54

Few reports exist on complex functions of pig's central nervous system. A direct access to thalamic structures enables a deeper understanding of neuronal networks. Here we present an easy to implement stereotactic approach to reach both reticular and dorsolateral thalamic nuclei (RTN and LD). In thirteen pigs (7 weeks old) the correct electrode position was confirmed for 22 out of 26 thalamic electrodes (RTN: A+2, L9, V24 and LD: A-2, L5, V20, with bregma A 0, L 0). Quantitative effects of isoflurane/nitrous oxide (State 1) and fentanyl sedation (State 2) were determined by brain hemodynamics and metabolism. Neurophysiologic features were performed by spectral power, coherence and SEP analysis. Brain blood flow (by 21 ? 13%) and oxidative brain metabolism (CMRO2 by 26 ? 12%, CMRGlucose by 26 ? 22%) were markedly reduced during State 1 (P<0.05). Regional thalamic blood flow exhibited similar alterations, but side-differences did not occur. State 1 induced quite similar brain activity in cortical as well as thalamic regions investigated. During State 2 electrocortical activity of low frequency ranges was markedly reduced, whereas spectral band power of high frequency ranges was additionally decreased in RTN (P<0.05). Thus, we used a convenient approach for targeted deep electrode implementation and characterized electrophysiological features in RTN and LD.