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Interactions between autonomous vehicles, cyclists, and pedestrians from the perspective of potential users and non-users of autonomous vehicles

100%

Vondráčková L. , Trepáčová M. , Zámečník P.

Transport Problems

2022

tom T. 17, z. 1

115--126

In a few years, autonomous vehicles will slowly become part of traffic flow. This paper evaluated the level of perceived fear of interactions of autonomous vehicles (AVs) with other (vulnerable) road users of different actors in the Czech Republic. Data from the first exploratory project from 2017/2018 are used for the evaluation. A logistic regression model is utilised to evaluate the predictors that influence the fear resulting from interactions of AVs and cyclists or pedestrians. Kilometres driven last year was positively associated with fear of interactions with pedestrians or cyclists (OR = 1,251, p = 0.032). The level of concerns about the risk of AVs is also positively associated with fear of interactions (OR = 1.087, p = 0.000). Out of all socio-demographics and socio-economics, only gender was distinguished regarding the level of fear, with women having a higher chance than men of being fearful (OR = 1.871, p = 0.005). Then, the same model is utilised to evaluate the variables that influence the fear of interactions of Avs and other non-Avs. Only the general level of concerns about the risk of AVs is associated with the level of fear of interactions of AVs and non-AVs (OR = 1.149, p = 0.000). Since these results are only partly in accordance with those obtained in Western countries, our paper concludes that for central European countries, more research is needed to understand the local context and implications of autonomous mobility.

Výuka první pomoci v autoškolách - zbytečnost nebo relevantní opatření s velkým potenciálem?

100%

Zámečník P. , Kurečková V. , Böhmová K. , Šucha M.

Psychologie a její kontexty

2014

tom 5

nr Supplement

107-115

Despite various traffic safety measures traffic accidents still happen. In the Czech Republic, 57 serious accidents happen every day. In situation of accident, immediate help of the bystanders can save lives and reduce damage. Providers of the first aid can also significantly shorten the time before the professional medical assistance arrives by performing the correct procedure of calling emergency line. Czech Red Cross estimates that approximately 10% of the traffic accidents victims should be saved if the bystanders were more able or willing to give them a first aid. In the Czech Republic the system of dispatcher-assisted resuscitation is very well elaborated. After calling the emergency numbers operators are ready to provide the help and advice. Therefore there are no high requirements to the medical knowledge of the first aid providers. That is why the mandatory first aid courses in driving school are only four hours long, what is from expert point of view very unsufficient. Therefore aim of this research was to carry out screening study of effectiveness of the first aid courses in driving schools. In frame of this study was done questionnaire survey among trainees in driving schools focused on willingness and ability to provide first aid and subjective evaluation of these competences. We used adapted Adelborg's first aid questionnaire (Sp?rgeskema om f?rdselsrelateret f?rstehj?lp og genoplivning). The questionnaire was consisted of four parts. The first part affects the socio-demographic data, the second part affects the subjective evaluation of their own competencies, the third part focuses on the evaluation of the course itself and the fourth part takes the form of a test of actual knowledge of first aid. In the fourth part were respondents asked four most important questions in line with the European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation and with International first aid and resuscitation guidelines of International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. 1) What is the phone number emergency line; 2) How should you act when you arrive at the place of fresh traffic accident where has not been given any help yet? 3) How will you know that a person has internal bleeding in a car accident? 4) How will you know that a person has a spinal injury in a car accident? Answers were given into context with other parts of questionnaire. There were 370 respondents mostly at the age of eighteen and nineteen who were applying for "B" driving license in four regions from thirteen in the Czech Republic. Survey shows alarming results. Promising number of willing respondents - 92% of young drivers intend to provide first aid in traffic accidents - gives in the light of other responses reason for serious concern. Despite high willingness only 58% of respondents feel competent to provide first aid, fair idea of how to act have 23% of respondents and the most common life-threatening states in a car accident is able to identify only few individuals. Such bad results are probably due to the unsufficient first aid courses in driving schools, which are focused mainly on theory and are lacking of practical training. Therefore there is strong need for change in system of first aid courses in driving schools towards more relevant forms of training.