Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Productivity of Winter Wheat (T. aestivum, T. durum, T. spelta) Depending on Varietal Characteristics in the Context of Climate Change

100%

Korkhova M. , Panfilova A. , Domaratskiy Y. , Smirnova I.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

tom Vol. 24, iss. 4

236--244

EN

This article presents the results of studies of winter wheat species and varieties depending on the meteorological conditions of the research years. The purpose of the research is to determine the density of the productive stem, the mass of 1000 grains, the yield and quality of winter wheat grain, depending on the species and varietal composition. Methods. Experimental studies were conducted during 2015/2016–2020/2021 yrs in the experimental field of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University (Ukraine). Agricultural techniques for growing winter wheat of various species were generally accepted for the southern steppe zone of Ukraine. Its predecessor was sown peas. Results. It was determined that a larger number of productive stems per unit area (467–853 pcs./m2) formed plants of the studied varieties of soft winter wheat, while the smallest (443–694 pcs./ m2) were plants of winter durum wheat varieties. The largest mass of grain from one ear (1.06–1.20 g) on average over the years of research was formed by plants of spelt wheat varieties, and the smallest was formed 0.96–1.01 g of soft wheat plants. It was found that a higher yield of soft winter wheat (6.03 t/ha) on average over the years of research was formed in the Vidrada variety, hard wheat (5.58 t/ha) was formed in the Bosphorus variety, spelt was formed 5.36 t/ha in the Europa variety. The highest grain yield (7.13 t/ha) among the species and varieties put for study was provided by the Vidrada variety (T. aestivum) in 2016 yr, which was 5.3% more than in the variety Shestopalivka (T. aestivum), 5.9% more than the Linkor variety (T. durum), by 7.0% than the Bosphorus variety (T. durum), by 12.5% than that of the Europa variety (T. spelta) and 43.5% more than the Zorya Ukrainy variety (T. spelta). It was determined that the largest mass fraction of protein in grain was provided by the spelt Zorya Ukrainy wheat variety as 19.2–25.6% depending on the year of research, while the smallest was provided as 11.0–14.2% by the Shestopalivka soft wheat variety. In the conditions of the Southern steppe of Ukraine, to ensure a high grain yield (5.24–6.03 t/ha) with a high protein content (14.1–15.1%), it was recommended to sow the variety of soft winter wheat Vidrada, hard winter wheat as Linkor and spelt as Europe.

2

Optimization of Water Consumption of High-Oleic Sunflower Hybrids under Non-Irrigated Conditions of the Steppe Zone of Ukraine

100%

Domaratskiy Y. , Kozlova O. , Dobrovol'skiy A. , Bazaliy V.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

tom Vol. 23, nr 6

14--21

EN

The article is devoted to highlighting the results of field studies conducted during 2019–2021 on the influence of multifunctional growth-regulating drugs with a fungicidal effect Architecttm and Helafit Combi on the productivity and optimization of water consumption of high-oleic sunflower hybrids in non-irrigated conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The study was carried out under non-irrigated conditions in the experimental field of the “Mykolaiv DSDS IZZ NAAS” state institution of Ukraine (GPS: 46.980168, 32.148075) on southern low-humus chernozems. The program of scientific research provided for the foundation of a two – factor field experiment, in which sunflower hybrids were studied, namely Hector and Oplot (originator-V. Y. Yuryev Institute of crop production); DSL403 and P64GE133 (manufacturer Corteva, Brevant) and 8X477KL (manufacturer Dow Seeds). In the experiment, multifunctional growth – regulating preparations of chemical origin, i.e. Architecttm, and biological origin, i.e. Helafit Combi, were used. They were introduced in the form of foliar treatments of sunflower hybrids in the Phase 6–8 of real leaves with a rate of 1 l/ha. The weather conditions in 2019–2021 can be classified as medium – arid, typical for this growing zone, but the most favorable year was 2021. As for the temperature indicators, the average monthly air temperature for the study years was higher than the corresponding long-term average data. The results of three-year field studies showed that foliar treatments of sunflower hybrids of high-oleic type with Architect and Helafit Combi multifunctional preparations had a positive effect on improving growing conditions and increasing plant resistance to stress from high temperatures and lack of moisture. The study preparations contribute to a more economical use of soil moisture for the formation of a crop unit, as evidenced by a decrease in the water consumption coefficient for all the studied hybrids. The lowest water consumption coefficient of 1283 m3/t was found in the P64GE133 hybrid under the conditions of treatment of sunflower plants with a Helafit Combi combined preparation of biological origin. Foliar treatment of plants with combined growth-regulating preparations led to optimization of water consumption of agrocenosis in general.

3

Application of the Research on Spatio-Temporal Differentiation of a Vegetation Index in Evaluating Sunflower Hybrid Plasticity and Growth-Regulators in the Steppe Zone of Ukraine

88%

Pichura V. , Domaratskiy Y. , Potravka L. , Biloshkurenko O. , Dobrovol'skiy A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

tom Vol. 24, nr 6

144--165

EN

The purpose of the study was to establish dependence of sunflower productivity on hybrid plasticity under the climatic conditions of the Steppe zone and effectiveness of growth-regulators on the basis of the analysis of differentiation of a vegetation index. The research on the development and productivity of different sunflower hybrids under the natural-climatic conditions of the Steppe zone of Ukraine was conducted in the years of 2019 (medium-wet), 2020 (dry) and 2021 (wet). Spatio-temporal differentiation of the vegetation of sunflower hybrids was established on the basis of calculation of a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using the data of the decoded space images of Sentinel 2. Cartographic and grapho-analytical materials reflecting the reaction of plants to natural-climatic conditions and multifunctional growth-regulators were obtained. The dependence of the reaction of sunflower hybrids to multifunctional growth-regulators on their plasticity in response to the natural-climatic conditions of the Steppe zone was established. There was a weak reaction to application of growth-regulators of the sunflower hybrids Oplot and P64HE133 which are characterized by a high level of plasticity in response to the natural-climatic conditions of the Steppe zone. It was proven that the application of the biological preparation Helafit Combi exceeded the level of agrocenoses productivity in comparison with the chemical preparation ArchitectТМ by 1.1-5.4%. It was established that foliar treatment with growth-regulators led to a decline in water uptake by the sunflower hybrids by 1.2–10.0% in the dry year, by 3.8–8.6% in the medium-wet year and by 3.7%–21.9% in the wet year. There was a significant reduction in the level of water uptake by the hybrid Hector – by 7.7–10.0% and the hybrid 8KH477KL – by 1.2–21.9%. The research results are the basis for forecasting the development of sunflower hybrid crops with further measurement of the crop productivity that allows establishing a probable level of efficiency of sunflower hybrid production by agricultural producers under the climatic conditions of the Steppe zone.

4

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Biological Plant Protection on Sunflower Productivity under Different Cenosis Density under the Non-Irrigated Conditions of the Steppe Zone

88%

Domaratskiy Y. , Kovalenko O. , Kachanova T. , Pichura V. , Zadorozhnii Y.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

tom Vol. 24, iss. 9

45--54

EN

The purpose of the article was to determine how foliar treatments of plants with environmentally friendly combined-action substances affect the yield of new sunflower hybrids under non-irrigated conditions of the Ukrainian Steppe zone. The field experiments were conducted in 2021–2022 on the experimental field of the Mykolaiv State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine under non-irrigated conditions on southern chernozem. The humus content in the arable soil layer was 2.90%, the depth of the humus layer was 0–30 cm, and the transitional layer was 30–60 cm. The research was conducted by establishing a three-factor field experiment, where factor A was sunflower hybrids of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine - Vyrii, Yarylo, Blysk, Yaskravy and Epikur; factor B – different plant densities (30, 40 and 50 thousand/ha) and factor C – treatment of vegetative plants in the phase of budding with substances of biological origin (Helafit Combi, Organic Balance and Biocomplex BTU). The field experiment was located on the winter wheat forecrop. Fertilizers were applied during the main cultivation at a dose of N30P30K30. Sowing was carried out with a row spacing of 70 cm in the last decade of April. Yield accounting and the evaluation of the crop structure were carried out by manual threshing of plants selected from the accounting area of the test plots and recalculation by 8% seed moisture. From the results of observations, it was found that the foliar treatments of sunflowers with environmentally friendly combined-action substances contributed to the prolongation of the interphase periods in the second half of the growing season of all studied hybrids. Treatment of plants with environmentally friendly substances helped to reduce the level of damage to all hybrids by pathogenic microflora, the highest fungicidal efficacy was observed in Hela Fit Combi and Organic Balance. All hybrids formed the highest yields at a density of 40 thousand units/ha. Dense plantings up to 50 thousand units/ha were inferior in yield to the ones with a planting density of 40 thousand units/ha and were almost at the same level as the ones with 30 thousand units/ha. Hybrids Yarylo, Epikur and Yaskravy were significantly inferior in productivity; however, their foliar treatments also had a similar tendency to increase their productivity.

5

Influence of Eco-Safe Growth-Regulating Substances on the Phytosanitary State of Agrocenoses of Wheat Varieties of Various Types of Development in Non-Irrigated Conditions of the Steppe Zone

88%

Domaratskiy Y. , Bazaliy V. , Dobrovol'skiy A. , Pichura V. , Kozlova O.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

tom Vol. 23, nr 8

299--308

EN

The article is devoted to establishing the influence of multifunctional environmentally friendly growth-regulating preparations on the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses of various types of wheat varieties and their productivity under non-irrigated conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. Field studies were conducted over 2016–2020 in two agroclimatic points of the steppe zone: such as in the experimental field of the Kherson State Agrarian and Economic University (GPS: 46.743447, 32.481064 Kherson, Ukraine – point 1) and the land use of the farm "Svetlana" (GPS: 47.635522, 32.099772 Vossiyatskoye Village, Mykolaiv region, Ukraine-point 2) under non-irrigated conditions. The implementation of the scientific research program was carried out by laying three – factor experiments in these agroecological points, where Factor A was the varieties of winter wheat – Khersonska 99, Kirena, Askaniyska, Mudrist, Clarissa, Khutoryanka; variants of Factor B: growth-regulating preparations – VuksalMicroplant, Helafit Combi, Phytomare, without cultivation (control); variants of factor C: terms of sowing winter wheat – 10.09, 20.09, 30.09 and 10.10. Studies established that the use of multifunctional growth-regulating preparations helped to reduce the level of plant damage by pathogenic microflora at all sowing periods and varieties of winter wheat. Phytomare and Helafit Combi were the most effective in this respect, under various growing conditions. In most cases, they reduced the degree of damage to winter wheat plants by pathogenic microflora by 40–50% or more. All applied growth regulators increased the mass of grain from the ear and the mass of 1000 grains at different sowing times. It was found that for five years of field research, the greatest increase in yield under different research conditions and different varieties was shown by the Helafit Combi preparation. When it was applied in the experimental field of the Kherson State Agrarian and Economic University, the yield was additionally formed from 0.22 up to 0.5 t/ha, in the field of FG "Svetlana", respectively, it was formed 0.14 up to 0.36 t/ha.

6

Long-term Changes in the Stability of Agricultural Landscapes in the Areas of Irrigated Agriculture of the Ukraine Steppe Zone

75%

Pichura V. , Potravka L. , Domaratskiy Y. , Vdovenko N. , Stratichuk N. , Baysha K. , Pichura I.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

tom Vol. 24, nr 3

188--198

EN

Spatio-temporal assessment of the sustainability of agricultural landscapes over a long period (1892–2020 – 130 years) was carried out on the basis of archival spatial data for the territory of the Dnieper district of the Tauride province and modern data from the State Agency for Water Resources of Ukraine. Taking into account the historical patterns of the development of agriculture on the territory of the Dnieper district and the results of spatial modeling in 1892, territories with low (4.1 thousand hectares – 0.3% of the total area) and medium (310.3 thousand hectares – 23.8%) level of sustainability of agricultural landscapes, which are located in the lower reaches of the Dnieper, were identified. However, the large-scale development of the territory for agricultural land and the development of irrigated agriculture have led to the activation of land degradation processes, soil fertility and the deterioration of the stability of agricultural landscapes over large areas. As a result of spatial modeling, the state for 2020 in the irrigation zone recorded significant areas of agricultural land and adjacent territories with low (179.1 thousand hectares – 13.7% of the total area) and medium (419.0 thousand hectares – 32.1%) stability level. A comparative analysis of the stability of agrolandscapes for two time periods (1892 and 2020) showed that large-scale agricultural land development and an imbalanced land-use culture lead to constant and almost irreversible processes of reducing the stability of agrolandscapes in the areas of irrigation reclamation.