Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Właściwości fizykochemiczne, biologiczne i aplikacyjne izocyjanków. Część 1, Pochodzenie, otrzymywanie i reakcje chemiczne

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Pawlak M. , Pobłocki K. , Drzeżdżon J. , Jacewicz D.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2023

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tom [Z] 77, 3-4

215--237

EN

Isocyanides are the most unusual and unique group in organic chemistry. They possess an unusual valence structure and reactivity. Isocyanides are the only class of stable organic compounds with a formal divalent carbon, which allows them to be the subject of virtually all reactions in organic chemistry. It can be either an electrophile, a nucleophile, a caraben and a radical acceptor. We distinguish between naturally occurring and synthetically produced isocyanides. Both groups of isocyanides have become recently the subject of scientific interest.

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Zastosowanie związków kompleksowych rutenu, złota, wanadu, chromu, bizmutu, technetu w medycynie. Cz. 2

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Pawlak M. , Drzeżdżon J. , Jacewicz D.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2020

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tom [Z] 74, 11-12

823--851

EN

In this review, the most important complex compounds of ruthenium, gold, vanadium, chromium, bismuth, technetium were selected, and then their most important applications were described in medicine. Ruthenium has been identified as a metal with potential medical use, useful in cancer chemotherapy. The possibility of using its chemical behavior by developing complexes activated for cytotoxic activity through a mechanism of reduction in tumor tissue was discovered. Among the new anti-cancer drugs based on complex compounds, gold compounds have gained a lot of interest. This is due to their strong inhibitory effect on the growth of cancer cells and the observation that many compounds inhibit the enzyme thioredoxin reductase. This enzyme is important for the proliferation of cancerous tissues, and its inhibition is associated with the release of anti-mitochondrial effects. Clinical tests have shown that vanadium compounds can be used as anti-diabetic drugs with low toxicity. However, the therapeutic concentration range is very narrow, just a few micromoles of the compound are enough to cause apoptosis, necrosis and inflammation of healthy cells. Chromium improves the glucose system in people with hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Vanadium compounds mainly used to create potential drugs are inorganic compounds such as vanadates(V), vanadyl cation(IV), vanadium oxide(V) and a number of compounds containing organic ligands. Among the metal complexes, chromium(III) picolinate has successfully become a nutrient used to prevent high blood sugar levels. One of the most commonly used bismuth(III) compounds is bismuth subsalicylate. It is one of the few bismuth compounds regularly used to treat various gastrointestinal complaints, including duodenal ulcers. 99mTc injected into the body, depending on its chemical form and molecular structure, concentrates in the examined organ and emits a quantum that allows imaging of the organ through flat scintigraphic or emission processes. The role of complex compounds in medical imaging is largely based on the creation of radiopharmaceuticals for early detection of diseases and cancer radiotherapy. Radiopharmaceuticals are radionuclide-containing drugs and are routinely used in nuclear medicine to diagnose or treat a variety of diseases.

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Zrównoważony rozwój metod otrzymywania biodiesla

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Pobłocki K. , Pawlak M. , Drzeżdżon J. , Jacewicz D. E.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2023

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tom [Z] 77, 11-12

1073--1095

EN

The increase in urbanization and the growing demand for petroleum products, fuels and energy correlates with the depletion of resources of non-renewable energy sources such as crude oil, hard coal, and natural gas. Due to the high emissions of greenhouse gases, i.e., carbon oxides(COx), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx), the use of fossil fuels causes drastic climate changes [1]. Therefore, new, "green",sustainable, and renewable energy sources, e.g., biofuels, are currently being sought. Such interests of scientists are in line with people's most urgent needs due to the rapidly depleting oil resources, the increase in fuel prices and the degradation of the natural environment. Biodiesel is one of the most widely used biofuels due to its more positive impact on the environment (compared to diesel fuel), and technical and strategic advantages. Therefore, in this review, we would like to draw attention to the sustainable development of biodiesel synthesis methods, the progression of advanced technologies supporting this process, and the various types of reactors for biodiesel production (for example, a membrane or microwave reactor) will also be discussed [1].

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Zastosowanie związków kompleksowych platyny, palladu i kobaltu w medycynie. Cz. 1

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Pawlak M. , Drzeżdżon J. , Jacewicz D.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2020

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tom [Z] 74, 11-12

797--822

EN

The complex compounds containing metal ions are a group of compounds widely used in medicine. More and more metals are also being used to create cancer drugs or to help with other very serious diseases. Anticancer drugs are a particular use of complex compounds. Many thousands of platinum(II) compounds have been synthesized in cancer therapy, but only six of them have found use in the treatment of cancer. The most popular and the most commonly used compound is cisplatin, it has become the basis for the treatment of bladder, cervical, head, esophagus and many cancers occurring in children. The mechanism of action of platinum(II) and platinum(IV) compounds against cancer cells is to inhibit DNA replication, then RNA transcription and stop the G2 phase of the cell cycle and lead to programmed cell death or apoptosis. Coordination compounds containing more than one metal ion in their composition open new possibilities in the fight against cancer. Pt-DNA connections created by compounds containing at least two metal atoms are different from those formed by cisplatin. The basic dinuclear structure allows for great flexibility in forming DNA-DNA or DNA-protein bonds. The cobalt(III) complexes began to be used to image areas of hypoxia in cancer cells. It is believed, that cobalt(III) complexes undergo bioreduction, which leads to the release of the labile cobalt(II) complex and one or more bioactive ligands. Studies on nitro-Co(III) complexes containing acetylacetone and a nitrogen mustard ligand have shown that it is a particularly effective anti-cancer drug. Due to the fact that many people have cancer new effective anti-cancer drugs with low toxicity and no side effects are still being sought.

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Właściwości katalityczne związków koordynacyjnych jonów wanadu w procesie polimeryzacji olefin

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Pobłocki K. , Pawlak M. , Drzeżdżon J. , Jacewicz D.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2024

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tom [Z] 78, 3-4

321--343

EN

Recently, there has been an increased interest in designing new catalytic systems for olefin polymerization reactions. Scientists' research focuses on the design of cheap, green precatalysts based on transition metal ions, i.e. vanadium(III), and vanadium(IV). This review summarizes recent reports on the catalytic properties of vanadium coordination compounds in olefin polymerization reactions. Additionally, the latest publications on using heterogeneous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on vanadium in the coordination polymerization of olefins will be presented.

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Właściwości fizykochemiczne, biologiczne i aplikacyjne izocyjanków. Część 2, Zastosowanie w medycynie i materiałoznawstwie

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Pawlak M. , Pobłocki K. , Drzeżdżon J. , Jacewicz D.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2023

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tom [Z] 77, 3-4

239--256

EN

Isocyanides are compounds with a triple bond between a nitrogen atom and a carbon atom. Thanks to this structure, there is an electron lone pair on the carbon atom, which allows these compounds to participate in many reactions in organic chemistry. Due to their properties and the number of reactions in which they can participate, this group has been applied in medicine. Both natural and synthetic isocyanides have antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anticancer properties. The reactions involving them allow for a much simpler and faster synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. In addition, these compounds have application properties, making it possible to obtain polymers. Despite the polymerization of these compounds raising many objections, many polymeric materials based on isocyanides have found applications both in science and in everyday life.

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Właściwości katalityczne i biomedyczne związków zawierających jony rutenu (II) oraz Rutenu (III)

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Pobłocki K. , Pawlak M. , Walczak J. , Drzeżdżon J. , Jacewicz D. E.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2023

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tom [Z] 77, 5-6

569--595

EN

Ruthenium complexes appear in scientific publications mainly as catalysts in the olefins metathesis process. In this review, we want to indicate the research niche regarding the use of ruthenium(II) and ruthenium(III) complexes in other catalytic processes, i.e. polymerization or epoxidation of olefins and depolymerization. We would like to combine the catalytic properties of ruthenium(II,III) complex compounds with their biomedical activity due to the growing problem of drug resistance (including antibiotic resistance). Scientists have been designing new metallopharmaceuticals exhibiting biological activity for several years, therefore this requires a critical review of the literature. The main goal of designing new metallodrugs is to create compounds with new or stronger biological properties compared to free ligands. Ruthenium compounds are considered potential substitutes for known drugs. In particular, Ru(II) and Ru(III) based complexes have reduced toxicity and can be tolerated in vivo. In addition, a wide spectrum of ruthenium oxidation states, a different mechanism of action and the kinetics of ligand substitution increase the advantage over coordination complex compounds based on platinum. In conclusion, in this review, we will focus on the latest reports from the literature on the catalytic properties and biomedical activity of ruthenium(II) and ruthenium(III) chemical compounds.