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EN
Apoptosis is a kind of cell death essential for normal functioning and survival of most multicellular organisms. Apoptosis plays an important role in physiological processes and in pathophysiology of some chronic diseases, including autoimmunity, cancer, lymphoma, AIDS, neurodegeneration and others. The present paper describes the interdisciplinary pathogenesis of programmed cell death, the mechanisms inducing apoptosis and the role of apoptosis in some physiological phenomena and in medical practice.
EN
Ethanol administration is able to induce oxidative stress, resulting in the activation of defense mechanisms, but sometimes ROF production is very intensive and disturbs the balance between its generation and antioxidant capacity. The obtained results show that concentrations of CD, HPETE and MDA in plasma after 2hr, 12hr and 24hr pos-ethanol administration were significantly higher than in the control group of animals. 50% ethanol administered orally resulted in a significant increase of lipid peroxide levels in plasma with a simultaneous increase in SOD activity throughout the entire 24 hr period of the experiment. Gpx activity was significantly higher during the first 2 hrs following ethanol administration and then decreased to become lower than in the control group at 12 and 24 hrs. TAS in plasma decreased at hr12 and hr24 following ethanol exposure. Ethanol ingestion disturbed the plasma antioxidant system and augmented lipid peroxidation in a time dependent manner. The increased MDA production was strong evidence that lipid peroxidation is the one of main mechanisms of alcoholic tissue damage.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2010
|
tom 66
|
nr 09
s.635-639,fot.,tab.,bibliogr.
EN
Lymphomas, which originate from various forms of lymphocytes, are the most common hematological malignancies in dogs. Their etiology is complicated because of the lack of clearly identified pathological factors. In the current WHO classification there are three main groups of tumors: B-cell lymphomas, lymphomas with T and NK cells and Hodgkin’s disease. Lymphomas originating from B cell lines represent about 80 percent of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. This paper presents our experiences in the diagnostics of lymphadenopathy. A 7-year-old male dog was brought to hospital because of a generalized enlargement of lymph nodes. Diagnostic procedures performed on the dog included a clinical examination, laboratory examinations of blood, ECG, X-ray and ultrasound examinations, two aspiration biopsies (FNAB) as well as a histopathological examination of a lymph node. Lymphoma therapy was administered in accordance with the COP chemotherapy protocol. Results of the clinical examination and laboratory tests confirmed the diagnosis of B-cell malignant lymphoma - lymphoblastic type. Lymphoma diagnostics are based on cytological and histopathological examinations and the cell proliferation ratio. The phenotype of the lymphoma is important for prognosis. The use of specific antibodies for the identification of CD surface antigens, including certain cell lines, is helpful in the diagnosis. The longest period of survival and control of the disease can be obtained by treatment with doxorubicin combined with simultaneous radiotherapy. In the case of recurrence, dacarbazine (DTIC) therapy is effective.
EN
Cytoprotection in the stomach, consisting in the mucus secretion, mucous circulation intensification and bicarbonate secretion to the gastric lumen, is highly dependent on the products of arachidonic acid pathway and peroxidative-antioxidative balance. The aim of the paper was to examine the effects of selected inhibitors of arachidonic acid pathway on the natural protective system of the gastric mucosa exposed to 50% ethanol. The results show that leukotrienes, thromboxane and oxygen reactive forms significantly impair the protective function of the gastric mucosa while prostaglandins and antioxidant enzymes act protectively.
EN
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of thymus factor X (TFX-Jelfa) treatment in hypoestrogenic female rats for the purpose of decreasing skin impairments. Ovariectomised rats were used as a model. The histopathological analysis of the skin after TFX-Jelfa treatment demonstrated that the epidermis was thicker and more desquamated, without deep wrinkles or hypersecretion in comparison to the skin of animals only castrated and not treated with TFX-Jelfa. Collagen and elastic fibres were arranged more uniformly in the dermis and there were numerous fibroblasts, hair follicles, and small vessels. Ultrastructural analysis showed keratinocytes without degenerative changes and the proliferation of lymphatic and dendritic cells in the skin. The results indicate that thymus extracts can have beneficial effects on skin aging, which is often accompanied by hormonal perturbances.
EN
Severe burn injury is associated with damage of tissues and organs distant to the area of injury. Although different agents are suggested to play an important role in pathogenesis of the burn disease, disturbed balance between the development of reactive oxygen forms and activity of antioxidants can play a pivotal role. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the intensity of lipid peroxidation process in plasma and lung tissues as well as the antioxidant ability of rats subjected to severe burn injury during 48 hrs after the injury. Our results show that severe burn injury causes a significant increase in the level of lipid peroxides in plasma and lung tissues, with a concomitant increase in superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD) activity in erythrocytes during 48 hrs of the postburn period. Glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) activity in whole blood was significantly higher during the first postburn day and then decreased becoming lower than that found in the healthy subjects. Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and the level of uric acid in plasma also increased. Thus, we conclude that severe burn injury causes the imbalance between the intensity of the lipid peroxidation process and the antioxidant ability of the organism and this can play an important role in the pathophysiology of the burn disease.
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