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1

Zróżnicowanie albedo Calypsostrandy (Zachodni Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim 2001

100%

Gluza A. , Siwek K.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2005

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tom nr 15

113-117

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zróżnicowanie albedo wybranych ekosystemów Calypsostrandy - płaskiej równiny nadmorskiej położonej w NW części Ziemi Wedela Jarlsberga (Spitsbergen). Pomiary prowadzono w sezonie letnim 2001, metodą patrolową w godzinach okołopołudniowych ze względu na najmniejsze zmiany kąta padania promieni słonecznych. Analizie poddano zróżnicowanie albedo w dwóch dniach znacznie różniących się stopniem zachmurzenia nieba.

EN

The aim of the present study was the quantitative determination of 'albedo' which is a significant factor influencing on the balance of short-wave radiation. The value of surface albedo allows determining its role in the heat balance of the active surface. The area of investigations is situated in the NW part of Wedel Jarlsberg Land in the Bellsund region on the Western Spitsbergen. Calypsostranda is the fragment of the regional unit, representing the type of marine coastal plain. Calypsostranda is situated on the forefield of the Scott and Renard Glaciers. It is complex of raised marine terraces with highs 3-100 m. The greatest area is occupied by terraces 20-40 m. a.s.l. Calypsostranda is formed by series of boulder clays, fluvioglacial sands, and gravels as well as by marine sands, gravels and silts. The dominant plant formation on Calypsostranda is dry lichen-moss tundra. The local differentiation of plant cover which exists there is implied by the kind of background and water relations. Lichen tundra is dominated by very dry habitats. When the humidity of ground increases the phyla appear in the water. There were three types of active surfaces, i.e.: land, ice and water, play a significant role in the radiation balance of the Calypsostranda. In the summer of 2001, a substantial variation of albedo occurred on Calypsostranda. The above changes depended to a large extent on the physical properties of the tundra?s surface. High spatial differentiation of albedo was also observed in the studied period (i.e. the summer of 2001). The Iowest values (below 10%) occurred at the lakelet area with dark bottom polluted with eolic material. The highest albedo values (above 20%) were noticed in the patterned grounds and on the beach. The average albedo for the tundra area (for all measurement period) is 15.5% and it was changed from 11% to 21%.

2

Badania meteorologiczne na obszarze NW części ziemi Wedela Jarlsberga (1986-2011)

100%

Gluza A. , Siwek K.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2015

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tom Nr 25

59--66

PL

W pracy przedstawiono udział badaczy z UMCS oraz innych ośrodków naukowych w poznaniu warunków pogodowych i klimatycznych Spitsbergenu ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Calypsobyen, historię Wypraw oraz eksplorację południowego obrzeża Bellsundu na Zachodnim Spitsbergenie.

3

Wpływ cyrkulacji atmosferycznej na warunki termiczne sezonów letnich (VII-VIII) w Calypsobyean (zachodni Spitsbergen)

100%

Gluza A. , Siwek K.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2012

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tom nr 22

27-34

PL

Zarys treści. W pracy przedstawiono wpływ cyrkulacji atmosferycznej według klasyfikacji T. Niedźwiedzia na warunki termiczne w miesiącach letnich (lipiec i sierpień) w rejonie Bellsundu. Wykorzystano wartości dobowe (średnie, maksymalne i minimalne) temperatury powietrza z wysokości 200 cm n.p.g. ze stacji meteorologicznej w Calypsobyen. Dane pomiarowe pochodzą z sezonów letnich pięciu Wypraw UMCS na Spitsbergen z lat 2006-2009 i 2011. Długość serii pomiarowych w poszczególnych latach była związana z terminami rozpoczęcia i zakoń-czenia wypraw. Ponieważ pomiary wykonywane były w różnych terminach (między pierwszą dekadą czerwca a pierwszą dekadą września) do analizy wykorzystano dane z okresu wspólnego tj. od 1 lipca do 31 sierpnia. Łącznie przeanalizowano dane z 310 dni (po 62 dni z każdego roku).

EN

The paper analyses relationship between atmospheric circulation and air temperature in Calypsobyen Bellsund region (NW Spitsbergen) in period 01st July – 31st August from the years 2006-2009 and 2011. For this purpose data from meteorological station in Calypsobyen (. = 77°33’29,5”N, . = 14°30’46,6”E), daily values of four temperature parameters (mean, maximum, minimum, diurnal temperature range) and daily types of atmospheric circulation for Spitsbergen made by T. Niedźwiedź have been used. The station is located on Calypsostranda, a flat sea terrace, at the height of about 23 m a. s. l., at a distance of 200 m from Bellsund Fjord and 2 km from the Scott Glacier. Dry lichen-moss tundra forms the substrate of the station. Circulation types Ca+Ka (about 20%) and Cc+Bc (about 14%) occurred the most frequently in analysed period. Types Sa+SWa+Wa and Ea+SEa (about 8%) occurred the most rarely. The highest mean daily temperatures were notified in circulation types Ea+SEa and Sa+SWa+Wa. Highest maximum temperatures were notified in circulation types NWc+Nc+NEc and NWa+Na+NEa. Lowest minimum temperatures were notified in circulation types Ca+Ka and Cc+Bc. Highest values of diurnal temperature range were notified in circulation types Sa+SWa+Wa, NWa+Na+NEa and Ea+SEa. In summer seasons air temperature in Calypsobyen depend mainly on direction from which air masses are coming. Local circulation is also important as well as foehn wind effect, radiation and insolation processes. Type of baric situation is mostly not so relevant.

4

Struktura typów pogody w rejonie Bellsundu (W Spitsbergen) w lipcu i sierpniu

100%

Gluza A. , Siwek K.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2012

|

tom nr 22

35-42

PL

W pracy przedstawiono strukturę stanów pogody według klasyfikacji J. Ferdynusa opracowaną dla Calypsobyen w rejonie Bellsundu. Dane pomiarowe pochodzą z sezonów letnich pięciu wypraw UMCS na Spitsbergen z lat 2006-2009 i 2011. Do analizy wykorzystano dane z okresu od 1 lipca do 31 sierpnia. Łącznie przeanalizowano dane z 310 dni (po 62 dni z każdego roku). Przeprowadzona analiza wykazuje, że rejon Bell-sundu cechuje się w sezonie letnim względną jednorodnością grup pogód. Wystąpiły tylko 2 grupy oraz 6 podgrup. W pięciu badanych sezonach wystąpiło tylko 10 wspólnych typów pogód.

EN

Region of Wedel Jarlsberg Land (western coast of Spitsbergen) has been the subject of a complex study carried out by the participants of Geographical Expeditions by the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin for more than 25 years. The research into the meteorological conditions was initiated in 1986. The station was located on Calypsostranda, a flat sea terrace, at the height of about 23 m a.s.l., at a distance of 200 m from Bellsund Fjord and 2 km from the Scott Glacier. Dry lichen-moss tundra forms substrate of the station. This paper is trying to define the structure of weather states described by J. Ferdynus in the region of Calypsobyen. For this analysis there have been chosen four meteorological elements: air temperature, cloudiness, precipitation and wind. Material used in this paper has been taken from summer seasons (July and August) of 2006-2009 and 2011. We used meteorological data from the 1st of July to 31st of August from each year – total 310 days. Those seasons were classified into groups, subgroups, types of weather and their frequency. Bellsund region is characterized by relatively homogeneous frequencies of occurring weather groups. In analyzed period there have been noticed only 2 weather groups – T7 and T8 and 6 subgroups – 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 83. In summer seasons 2006-2009 and 2011mostly often noticed weather types were 7301 (15.2%) and 7312 (10.3%).

5

Odczuwalność cieplna w sezonach letnich 2007 i 2008 w Calypsobyen (Spitsbergen)

100%

Gluza A. , Siwek K.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2009

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tom nr 19

223-231

PL

Celem pracy jest wstępna charakterystyka warunków bioklimatycznych południowego obrzeża Bellsundu. W tym celu wykorzystano powszechnie dostępne charakterystyki bioklimatyczne: wielkość ochładzającą powietrza (H), wskaźnik ochładzania wiatrem (WCI) oraz temperaturę ochładzania wiatrem (WCT). Obliczono ich wartości średnie, maksymalne i minimalne oraz rozkład częstości.

EN

This paper describes the bioclimate of Calypsobyen. The station was located on Calypsostranda, a flat sea terrace, at the height of about 23 m a.s.l., at a distance of 200 m from Bellsund Fjord and 2 km from the Scott Glacier. The substratum was made of dry lichen-moss tundra. For this analysis there have been chosen two meteorological elements: air temperature and wind. The material used in this paper was taken from summer seasons from the years 2007 and 2008. We used meteorological data from the 10th of June to 11th of September from each year – together 188 days. Three bio-meteorological indices were analyzed: Dry Cooling Power (H), Wind Chill Index (WCI) and Wind Chill Temperature (WCT). Results of these observations are presented in tables. Mean cooling power in summer seasons amounted 1285.3 Wźm-2. Frequency of occurance of cooling power was counted according to Petrovič and S. Kacvinsky classification. In the investigated period predominated “cold” and “cool” cases. There were about 64.3% such cases. From among analysed meteorological elements influent cooling power, the wind velocity has the most importance. Correlation coefficient between the wind velocity and cooling power amounts +0.96. Mean Wind Chill Index (WCI) in summer seasons amounted 823.2 Wźm-2. In the investigated period also predominated “cool” and “cold” cases. There were about 93.2% such cases. From among analysed meteorological elements influent Wind Chill Index, the wind velocity has also the most importance. Correlation coefficient between the wind velocity and Wind Chill Index amounts +0.88. Mean Wind Chill Temperature (WCT) in summer seasons amounted 3.3°C. In the investigated period predominated only “very small” and “small” cases. There were 100% such cases. From among analysed meteorological elements influent cooling power, the air temperature has also the most importance. Correlation coefficient between the temperature and Wind Chill Temperature amounts +0.73.

6

Struktura typów pogody w rejonie Bellsundu (W Spitsbergen) w sezonach letnich

100%

Gluza A. , Siwek K.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2007

|

tom nr 17

113-120

PL

W pracy przedstawiono strukturę stanów pogody według klasyfikacji J. Ferdynusa opracowaną dla Calypsobyen w rejonie Bellsundu. Dane pomiarowe pochodzą z sezonów letnich czterech Wypraw UMCS na Spitsbergen w latach 2001, 2002, 2005 i 2006. Długość serii pomiarowych w poszczególnych latach była związana z terminami rozpoczęcia i zakończenia wypraw. Ponieważ pomiary wykonywane były w różnych terminach (między pierwszą dekadą lipca a pierwszą dekadą września) do analizy wykorzystano dane z okresu wspólnego tj. od 15 lipca do 24 sierpnia. Łącznie przeanalizowano dane z 164 dni (po 41 dni z każdego roku).

EN

Region of Wedel Jarlsberg Land (western coast of Spitsbergen) has been the subject of a complex study carried out by the participants of Geographical Expeditions by the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin for more than 20 years. The research into the meteorological conditions was initiated in 1986. The station was located on Calypsostranda, a flat sea terrace, at the height of about 23 m a.s.l., at a distance of 200 m. from Bellsund Fjord and 2 km from the Scott Glacier. The substratum was made of dry lichen-moss tundra. This work is trying to define the structure of weather states described by J. Ferdynus in the region of Calypsobyen. For this analysis there have been chosen four meteorological elements: air temperature, cloudiness, precipitation and wind. The material used in this paper was taken from summer seasons from the years 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006. We used meteorological data from the 15th of July to 24th of August from each year – together 164 days. Those seasons were classified into groups, subgroups, types of weather and their frequency. Bellsund region is characterized by relatively homogeneous frequencies of occurring weather groups. In analyzed period there have been noticed only 2 weather groups – T7 and T8 and 5 subgroups – 72, 73, 81, 82, 83. In summer seasons 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006 mostly often noticed weather types were 8301 (21.3%) and 7311 (9.8%).

7

Uslonecznienie w Lublinie w latach 1952-1991

100%

Gluza A. , Filipiuk E.

Wiadomości Instututu Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej

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1995

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tom 18

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nr 1

91-101

8

Przebieg warunków pogodowych na stacji w Calypsobyen w sezonie letnim 2005

100%

Gluza A. , Siwek K.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2006

|

tom nr 16

139-146

PL

W pracy przedstawiono przebieg warunków pogodowych w czasie XVII Wyprawy Geograficznej UMCS na Spitsbergen. Pomiary wykonywane były od 14 lipca do 31 sierpnia 2005 r. Obejmowały one następujące elementy meteorologiczne: temperaturę i wilgotność względną powietrza na wysokości 200 cm nad powierzchnią gruntu, temperaturę powietrza na wysokości 5 cm nad powierzchnią gruntu i temperaturę powierzchni czynnej, temperaturę gruntu na głębokościach 5, 10, 20, 50 cm, prędkość i kierunek wiatru, natężenie promieniowania całkowitego oraz UV (A+B), ciśnienie atmosferyczne. Pomiarów dokonywano za pomocą automatycznej stacji meteorologicznej (R-ASTER) z krokiem czasowym 10 minut. Dodatkowo określano stopień zachmurzenia nieba i rodzaju chmur oraz zjawiska atmosferyczne (o godzinie 00, 06, 12, 18 UTC). Ponadto raz na dobę (06 UTC) mierzono opad atmosferyczny i parowanie potencjalne.

EN

Arctic, especially the region of Wedel Jarlsberg Land (western coast of Spitsbergen) has been the subject of a complex study carried out by the participants of Geographical Expeditions by the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin for more than 20 years. The research into the meteorological conditions was initiated in 1986. In 2005, the meteorological investigation began on 14th July and ended on 31st August. The station was located on Calypsostranda, a flat sea terrace, at the height of about 23 m a. s. l., at a distance of 200 m. from Bellsund Fjord and 2 km from the Scott Glacier. The substratum was made of dry lichen-moss tundra. Mean daily air temperature at the altitude of 200 cm amounted to 4.9°C throughout the measu-rement period. The 28th August was the warmest day during the expedition. It was then that the highest mean daily temperature (7.5°C). The highest maximum temperature (9.4°C) was recorded the 24th August. The 17th July was the coldest day in the period, with a mean daily temperature of 2.8°C but a minimum temperature (0.9°C) was recorded the 20th of July. The mean soil temperature evaluated for the depths 5, 10, 20 and 50 cm was positive and varies between 6.0°C in the subsurface layer and 3.7°C in the deeper parts of the analysed profile. The mean relative air humidity was 85.8%. The highest relative humidity (97.1%) were recorded the 7th August. The 18th July was recorded lowest relative humidity - 72.2%. The precipitation total for the whole of the measurement period amounted to 56.7 mm. 26 days with a precipitation . 0.1 mm were observed (which means that rainfall occurred in 53% of the days), including 12 days with precipitation . 1.0 mm. The highest rainfall occurred on 28th July and amounted to 14.2 mm. Mean overall cloudiness amounted to 7.4 (on a 0-8 scale), and low cloud cover - to 5.4. Stratocumulus and Stratus clouds were dominant (60%). The mean wind speed was 4.0m/s. The highest wind speed was noticed 26th and 27th August - 9,4 m/s, but lowest wind speed (1.1 m/s) the 10th August. Dominated winds from East (22.9%) and from Northwest (19.2%). To summarise the summer season 2005 was a warmer, cloudier and wet than the period 1986-2002.

9

Zmienność częstości występowania okresów bezopadowych w Lublinie w drugiej połowie XX wieku

100%

Gluza A. , Filipiuk E.

Prace i Studia Geograficzne

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2001

|

tom 29

10

Zróżnicowanie albedo Lodowca Scotta (W Spitsbergen)

80%

Siwek K. , Gluza A. , Bartoszewski S.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2004

|

tom nr 14

127-132

EN

The aim of the present study was the quantitative determination of ?albedo? which is a significant factor influencing the balance of short-wave radiation. The value of surface albedo allows to determine its role in the heat balance of the active surface which in turns influences the ablation level. Studies on the accumulation and ablation conditions of the snow cover commenced on Scott?s Glacier in 1987. On average, the thickness of the frontal part decreased by 75 m, i.e. 2.7 m annually. Decession of the glacier was confirmed by studies carried out in 2001 during which it was found that Scott?s Glacier had decreased in its surface area by over 10% in the period 1986?2001. Three types of active surfaces, i.e.: land, ice and water, play a significant role in the radiation balance of the Arctic. During the summer months practically all the heat reaching the surface of the earth is taken up in thawing the ice. In the summer of 2001, a substantial variation of albedo occurred on Scott?s Glacier. The above changes depended to a large extent on the physical properties of the glacier?s surface. High spatial differentiation of albedo was also observed in the period studied (i.e. the summer of 2001). The lowest values (15-25%) occurred at the front of the glacier which was covered with ice and numerous kryokonite smelts filled with water or polluted with morenic or eolic material. Somewhat higher values (40-60%) were found in the supraglacial river valleys and in the zone of surface water deposits as they turned into slush. The highest albedo values occurred in the firn field where leveled snow, often firn, or fresh wind-blown snow was deposited (60-85%). After the precipitation of the fresh, clean snow, albedo increased and reached values above 88%.

11

Porównanie wybranych elementów meteorologicznych w sezonie letnim między stacjami Hornsund i Calypsobyen (Spitsbergen)

80%

Gluza A. , Siłuch M. , Siwek K.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2004

|

tom nr 14

183-188

EN

The aim of the study washas been to determine the differences in the 24-hour means values of some selected meteorological elements between the stations analysed and also to determine the influence of atmospheric circulation on their distribution. Meteorological data collected at the Polar Station of the Institute of Geophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Hornsund and the Calypsobyen Station of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University of Lublin wasere used for the present research. The present studies showed that air temperature in Calypsobyen is on average 0.6°C higher than in Hornsund. Calypsobyen is warmer than Hornsund fromat almost all circulation directions. Hornsund is warmer only in the case of the NW direction. The highest levels of temperature differences (> 1°C) occur from theat S and SW directions. Calypsobyen was 0.3°C colder than Hornsund only in the case of the NWc type. Regarding the average total cloud coveriness of the sky [0-10], the difference between the two stations analysed was as small as 0.1. This results from thea high total cloud coveriness of the sky during summer. No differences were found in the case of medium wind velocity levels similarly as was in the case for the of cloud coveriness. The a mean difference forro this parameter was 0.1 m/s. The location of the station, as well as the orographic reletions in its surroundings, exerts a significant influence on the difference in thetiation of wind velocities in relation to the directions of the circulation directions. The total - taken ever twenty-four hour sums - of the atmospheric precipitation levels as an averaged with to the circulation directions in Hornsund were on average 0.8 mm higher than for in Calypsobyen. Precipitation levels were higher in Calypsobyen only from theat N and E directions and in the situation of a weather wedge over Spitsbergen (Ka), however, even then the values of these differences were small (0.1-0.2 mm). Analysis of the data analysis pointed to the significance of the direction of the circulation direction and its influence on the value of differences between the meteorological elements selected. In some cases (i.e. wind velocity, precipitation level) local factors - and including orographic relations and the location of the measuring site - are decisive.

12

Zmiany zasięgu czoła i geometrii lodowca Renarda (Spitsbergen) na tle zmian klimatycznych XX wieku

80%

Zagórski P. , Siwek K. , Gluza A.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2008

|

tom nr 18

113-125

PL

W artykule scharakteryzowano reakcję lodowca Renarda na zmiany klimatu w XX wieku. Bezpośrednim ich odzwierciedleniem były zmiany: zasięgu czoła oraz geometrii powierzchni. Lodowiec Renarda położony na obszarze NW części Ziemi Wedela Jarlsberga jest przykładem lodowca, który od końca Małej Epoki Lodowej podlega nieprzerwanej recesji. Charakteryzowała się ona zróżnicowanym tempem, z okresami przys-pieszenia oraz spowolnienia. Przeanalizowano również zmiany geometrii lodowca będące odzwierciedleniem dodatniego lub ujemnego bilansu strefy alimentacyjnej oraz wysokości linii równowagi.

EN

Spitsbergen glaciers react rapidly to the changes in the polar environment. The evidence for that are changes in the extent of fronts and surface geometry. The Renard Glacier, which is situated in the NW part of Wedel Jarlsberg Land, is an example of the glacier that has undergone continuous recession since the Little Ice Age (LIA). The largest size of the Renard Glacier was reached at the end of XIX century (end of LIA) - 38 km2, but in 2006 its area decreased to 31.3 km2 (17.7%). Recession of the Renard Glacier has been characterised by diverse speed, two periods of acceleration: first in 1936-1960 and second since 1990s till now and two periods of slow down in 1960-1990 and 2000-2005. Such types of changes in speed of recession of glacier front were the results from the glacier reaction (with certain delay) to XX century climate changes. The fastest recession has been noted for period 2005-2006: it is 14 ma-1, when the multi-annuals mean for 1936-2006 is 10 ma-1. Following quick climate warming at the beginning of XX century and at the turn of XX and XXI century accelerated reduction of both surface and thickness of glacier while colder weather of 1960s made certain build-up of its surfaces, especially alimentation areas. The reason for that phenomenon was changeable height of equilibrium line which oscillated between 300 and 430 m a.s.l.

13

Porównanie wybranych elementów meteorologicznych w sezonie letnim 2011 roku między stacjami Calypsobyen i Akseloya (W Spitsbergen)

80%

Styszyńska A. , Siwek K. , Gluza A.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

|

2013

|

tom Nr 23

157--168

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zróżnicowanie warunków meteorologicznych jakie występuje latem w rejonie Bellsundu. Analizą objęto okres od 23 czerwca do 1 września 2011 roku. Długość serii pomiarowej wynika z terminu rozpoczęcia i zakończenia Wyprawy UMCS na Spitsbergen. W pracy przeanalizowano zmienność temperatury powietrza oraz kierunku i prędkości wiatru na stacjach Calypsobyen i Akseloya. W badanym czasie na stacji Akseloya dominuje wiatr NE, a subdominuje wiatr z SW, natomiast na stacji Calypsobyen odpowiednio wiatry z ENE i NW. Na obu stacjach średnie prędkości wiatru są zbliżone. Przy wszystkich kierunkach wiatru, poza sektorem SW, temperatura powietrza na stacji Akseloya jest wyższa niż na Calypsobyen. Największe różnice temperatury występują przy wiatrach z ESE (4,3 deg). Występowanie wyraźnego ocieplenia na stacji Akseloya przy wiatrach z sektora E – SSE wiązać należy ze zjawiskami fenowymi.

EN

The paper presents a variation of meteorological conditions that are observed during summer in the region of Bellsund. The analysis covered the period from 21 June to 1 September 2011. The length of the measurement series results from the date of commencement and completion of UMCS Expedition to Spitsbergen. The paper examines the variability of air temperature and wind direction and speed at the Calypsobyen and Akseloya stations. In the analyzed period, NE wind dominates at the Akseloya station and SW wind sub-dominates there whereas at the Calypsobyen station winds from ENE and NW respectively. The average wind speeds at both stations are similar. For all wind directions, outside the SW sector, the air temperature at the Akseloya station is higher than at the Calypsobyen station. The largest temperature differences occur when winds from ESE (4.3 deg) are observed. The presence of visible warming at the Akseloya station during winds from the E-SSE sector should be associated with the phenomenon of foehn winds.

14

The functioning of Scott Glacier in conditions of climate global changes

80%

Bartoszewski S. , Gluza A. , Siwek K. , Zagórski P.

Landform Analysis

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2007

|

tom Vol. 5

5--8

15

Przebieg warunków pogodowych w Calypsobyen w sezonie letnim 2001 na tle wielolecia 1986-2000

80%

Gluza A. , Siwek K. , Pęcak J. , Siłuch M.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

|

2003

|

tom nr 13

117-125

EN

Arctic, especially western coast of Spitsbergen has been a field of taking research by scientist from UMCS and AR in Lublin for more than 15 years. Researches have been taken there are connected with earth sciences like: meteorology and climatology, geomorphology, hydrography, geology and agriculture and botany. Meteorological observations were steady point of researches taking on every UMCS?s trips in Spitsbergen. At the beginning, at the 1986-1988 seasons were very wide, and measurements were taken every 3 hours. Between 1989 and 1999 measurements were taken 4 times a day a.e. every 6 hours. Since 1999 measurements have been doing by automatic stations. Appliance this equipment let us taking measurements with 10 minutes time step. The aim of this paper is to present course of meteorological conditions during the scientific trip to Spitsbergen in 2001 at the background of period 1986-2000. There were made comparisons of course mean daily four meteorological elements as: air temperature measured at 200 cm height [°C], wind speed [m/s], cloudiness, and precipitation [mm] from 2001 season with data collected during 15-years UMCS geographical trips on Spitsbergen. We can make statement that in thermic season 2001 was a bit cooler (0.1°C) than the period 1986-2000. At that season variability of mean daily temperatures was lower than in period. The lowest mean daily temperature was 2.5°C, and all days in period 2001 were lukewarm. The rate of mean daily cloudiness in period 1986-2000 is compensated. 2001 season was the same as other seasons during period. The air masses are strongly modified by circulation and orography. Season of 2001 was featured by lower mean daily wind speed (3.2 m/s) than in the period ? 4 m/s, also highest mean daily wind speed in 2001 was lower than in period 1986-2000. The greatest variability of four analysed elements on that period has precipitation. The variable of this element exceed 71.7 mm, which we can express as a ratio 1 to 20. 2001 season was dryer than mean of period about 11 mm.

16

Warunki meteorologiczne na stacji w Calypsobyen w sezonie letnim 2014 na tle wielolecia 1986-2011

80%

Mędrek K. , Gluza A. , Siwek K. , Zagórski P.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2014

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tom Nr 24

37-50

PL

W opracowaniu scharakteryzowano przebieg warunków pogodowych podczas XXVI Wyprawy Polarnej Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej na Spitsbergen. Pomiary wykonywano od 8 lipca do 1 września 2014 roku za pomocą automatycznej stacji meteorologicznej zainstalowanej w Calypsobyen (Bellsund, Svalbard). Analizie poddano temperaturę i wilgotność względną powietrza na wysokości 200 cm nad powierzchnią gruntu (n.p.g.), temperaturę powietrza przy gruncie (5 cm n.p.g.) oraz prędkość i kierunek wiatru. Uzyskane wyniki zostały porównanie z danymi, dla okresu wspólnego, z dwudziestu sezonów pomiarowych z lat 1986-2011 tj. od 10 lipca do 25 sierpnia.

EN

Arctic is an area which rapidly react on the changes in environment. The weather conditions react the most quickly and determine other changes in geosystem. That is why the meteorology is the subject not only for meteorologist and climatologist but also for other researchers (like geomorphologists, hydrologists) and makes the background for their research in polar region. The region of Wedel Jarlsberg Land (western coast of Spitsbergen) has been a field of taking research by scientist from the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (Lublin) for almost 30 years. Meteorological observations were carried out since 1986. At the beginning, measurements were taken every 3 or 6 hours. Since 1999 measurements have been doing by automatic stations taking measurements with 10 minutes time step (144 times per day). The aim of this paper is to present course of meteorological conditions during the XXVI Expe-dition of UMCS to Spitsbergen in 2014 on the background of multiyear 1986-2011. The station was located on Calypsostranda, a flat sea terrace, at the height of about 23 m a. s. l., at a distance of 200 m from Bellsund Fjord and 2 km from the Scott Glacier. The substratum was made of dry lichen-moss tundra. In 2014, the meteorological investigation began on 8th July and ended on 1st September. The mean daily air temperature at the altitude of 200 cm amounted to 5.9°C throughout the measurement period. The highest mean daily temperature (8.4°C) was recorded twice: the 23rd July and 4th August. The lowest mean daily temperature (3.1°C) was recorded the 31st August. Mean daily air temperature at the altitude of 5 cm also amounted to 5.9°C. The highest temperatures are recorded around 12 UTC, and the lowest just before midnight. In the 5-18 UTC temperature at 5 cm is higher than the temperature at 200 cm. The highest maximum temperature at the altitude of 200 cm (12.2°C) and at the altitude of 5 cm (14.0°C) was recorded the 4th August. Minimum temperature at the altitude of 200 cm (1.5°C) was recorded the 27th August and at the altitude of 5 cm (-1.7°C) the 25th August. The mean daily relative humidity at a height of 200 cm above the ground amounted to 85% and only twice (4th and 24th August), the humidity dropped below 60%, which was associated with the presence of foehn from the East. For the whole measurement period, the total precipitation amounted to 38.6 mm. 17 days with a precipitation ≥ 0.1 mm were observed (which means that rainfall occurred in 30% of the days). The highest rainfall amounted to 9.6 mm and occurred on 10th July when the air temperature at the altitude of 200 cm decreased from 10.2 do 5.6°C and the weak south wind changed direction to the west, and his speed increased to more than 7 m∙sˉ¹. The mean wind speed was 3,6 m∙sˉ¹ throughout the season. To compare selected meteorological weather conditions of the summer season 2014 against the multiyear 1986-2011, based on data for the period that is common (10th July – 25th August). The mean daily air temperature in 2014 was up to 1.1°C higher than the average temperature of period 1986-2011. Only season of 2002 was characterized by higher average temperature (6.3°C). The sum of the 2014 season precipitation was lower than in multiyear. The mean daily wind speed of season 2014 was 3.6 m sˉ¹ and was lower only by 0.7 m ·sˉ¹ from the mean of multiyear. During the season 2014, the winds from W were dominated (25.7%), while its frequency in other seasons does not exceed 5-10%.

17

Changes in the extent and geometry of the Scott Glacier, Spitsbergen

80%

Zagorski P. , Siwek K. , Gluza A. , Bartoszewski S. A.

Polish Polar Research

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2008

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tom 29

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nr 2

163-185

EN

Spitsbergen glaciers react rapidly to changes in the polar environment, which is expressed in differences in extent of their fronts and surface geometry. The Scott Glacier, which is situated in the NW part of Wedel Jarlsberg Land, is an example of the glacier that has undergone almost continuous recession since the Little Ice Age, interrupted by surges. The variations in recession are characterised based on multiannual data with particularly consideration of the period 1990-2005 and the season 2005/2006. Acceleration of front recession and lowering the surface was found only within the tongue up to a height of about 220 m a.s.l. Whereas, in the area situated in the zone of rock steps and above in the ablation zone, the change of glacier surface ablation (∆h) has been recorded compared to the mean annual recession for the period 1990-2005. Moreover, for the upper firn field, the positive surface ablation (∆AhS7 = +0.19 m) was observed. As the result of progressive reduction of the Scott Glacier mass, with the participation of other factors (bedrock relief among others), new surfaces of roche moutonnée are uncovering particularly in the tongue zone.

18

Physicochemical characteristics of land waters in the Bellsund region (Spitsbergen)

71%

Chmiel S. , Bartoszewski S. , Gluza A. , Siwek K. , Zagórski P.

Landform Analysis

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2007

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tom Vol. 5

13--15

19

Monitoring of the Scottelva Catchment (the NW part of Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Spitsbergen)

61%

Zagorski P. , Bartoszewski S. , Chmiel S. , Gluza A. , Siwek K. , Superson J.

Quaestiones Geographicae

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2008

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tom 27A

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nr 2