Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Testament strażnika wielkiego litewskiego Samuela Kmicica

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Bobiatyński K.

Rocznik Lituanistyczny

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2018

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tom 4

EN

Testament Samuela Kmicica jest bardzo cennym źródłem do badania mechanizmów awansu społeczno-majątkowego oficerów średniego szczebla armii litewskiej w drugiej połowie XVII wieku. Jego autor był jednym z ważniejszych współpracowników trzech hetmanów – Pawła Jana Sapiehy, Michała Kazimierza Radziwiłła i Kazimierza Jana Sapiehy. Dokument ten zawiera wiele istotnych informacji na temat powiązań klientalnych i finansowych testatora, znacznie też poszerza stan wiedzy o jego działalności fundacyjnej czy też stosunkach rodzinnych. Samuel Kmicic’s last will and testament is a very valuable source for the study of the mechanisms of social and financial advancement of middle-level officers of the Lithuanian army in the second half of the seventeenth century. Its author was one of the most important associates of three hetmans: Paweł Jan Sapieha, Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł, and Kazimierz Jan Sapieha. The document contains a number of important information about the clientage and financial ties of the testator, and broadens considerably our knowledge of his foundation activities or family relations.

2

Aktywność senatorów litewskich podczas sejmów z pierwszego okresu panowania Jana III Sobieskiego (1676-1683) i ich stosunek do najważniejszych problemów państwa w świetle wotów senatorskich

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Bobiatyński K.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

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2020

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tom 27

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nr Nr Spec.

131-146

EN

The article presents the activity of Lithuanian Senators during the first five General Sejms in the time of John III Sobieski (1676-1683). As it turned out, they came to the Sejms and spoke at the sessions much more frequently than their Crown colleagues. Overall, the attendance of this group was about 42% and of the speeches - 24%. This contradicts the thesis of a gradual decline in the participation of members of the upper house in parliamentary sessions during the 17th century. An analysis of the senatorial speeches shows that in Sobieski's times we are dealing with a decrease in the level of oratorical art. Speeches were an opportunity not only to express an opinion on the state's problems but were also used in internal combat, to strike at opponents. Additionally, the contents of the speeches lacked ideas for reforms of the state. They focused on issues relevant to the so-called “Lithuanian raison d'etat.”

PL

W artykule tym przedstawiono aktywność senatorów litewskich podczas pierwszych pięciu sejmów walnych w czasach Jana III Sobieskiego (1676-1683). Jak się okazało, dużo częściej przyjeżdżali oni na sejmy i wotowali niż ich koronni koledzy. Ogółem frekwencja tej grupy wynosiła ok. 42%, a wota wygłosiło 24%. Zaprzecza to tezie o stopniowym spadku udziału członków izby wyższej w obradach parlamentu na przestrzeni XVII w. Analiza wotów senatorskich pokazała, iż w czasach Sobieskiego mamy do czynienia z obniżeniem się poziomu sztuki oratorskiej. Wota stanowiły okazję nie tylko do wyrażenia opinii na problemy państwa, lecz również były wykorzystywane w walce wewnętrznej do uderzenia w przeciwników. Również w treści wystąpień brak było pomysłów na reformy państwa. Koncentrowały się one wokół zagadnień istotnych dla tzw. „litewskiej racji stanu”.

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Między Rzeczpospolitą a Moskwą – Dyneburg i Inflanty Polskie w latach 1665–1667

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Bobiatyński K.

Zapiski Historyczne

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2011

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tom 76

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nr 3

37-55

XX

The article discusses military and diplomatic aspects of the fight conducted between Poland and Muscovy for Daugavpils and the so-called Polish Livonia in the final stage of the great war from the years 1654-1667 (in the years 1665-1667). It was the last stage of the battle for the south-eastern part of Livonia, conducted from 1654 between the Rzeczpospolita, Muscovy and Sweden. In July 1655 Daugavpils and Latgalia were conquered by the Swedish army; after the outbreak of the Russian-Swedish war, in July 1656 the territory was taken over by the army of Tsar Aleksey Mikhailovich. In 1661 the Swedes renounced their claims to this part of Livonia on the power of the Peace of Kardis. Having started the attack in the eastern front in 1660 for a very long time the Grand Duchy of Lithuania did not have enough power to regain the territory. That is why until 1665 badly trained and undisciplined voluntary units took part in the battle of Daugava. They were not capable of taking over Daugavpils, but they hindered communication and disorganized the life of the garrison. It was not until September 1665 that the attack of I. Chowański was driven back and Lithuania Field Hetman Michał Kazimierz Pac started the blockade of Daugavpils with 3000-4000 soldiers. It was successful and it would have led to the capitulation of the garrison had it not been for a complicated internal situation in Lithuania and the necessity to draw the Lithuanian army back to the Crown to fight with the Lubomirski Rebellion ( the Rokosz) in 1666. On 28 March 1666 I. Chowański managed to break the ring of the siege and to force the Lithuanian units to go back to the southern bank of Daugava. Although the Lithuanians stayed there until the beginning of June, they did not constitute any threat to the garrison of Daugavpils. The article also presents the policy of the Curlandish duke Jacob Kettler in this period and his attempts to maintain neutrality in the conflict between the Rzeczpospolita and Muscovy. His policy made it more di cult for the Lithuanian army to regain Livonia. The problem of Latgalia was not solved until the last stage of the peace negotiations in Andrusovo. The Muscovites did not want to agree to give back the territory, which constituted one of the major obstacles to finish the negotiations. It was not until 7 January 1667 that the tsar’s commissaries declared to give back Daugavpils, which was taken over by the Lithuanians in March 1667. Until the partition of the Rzeczpospolita in 1771 the city remained within the boundaries of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as an important stronghold on the northern frontier and the administrative centre of Latgalia

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Skład i liczebność armii litewskiej podczas wojny z Turcją w latach 1683–1686

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Bobiatyński K.

Zapiski Historyczne

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2021

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tom 86

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nr 1

29-55

EN

A historiography devoted to the reign of King John III Sobieski has so far lacked a detailed study on the Lithuanian army during the war with Turkey in 1683–1699. This article partially fills this gap as it precisely reconstructs the composition and numbers of the Lithuanian army in 1683–1686, i.e. during the expedition to Slovakia (1683), the campaigns in Zhvanets (1684) and Bukovina (1685), and military operations in Moldova (1686). Primary sources used for the article included treasury records, which are currently stored in Vilnius, i.e. reports of the Grand Treasurer of Lithuania, Benedict Paweł Sapieha, submitted at General Sejms in 1685 and 1689, as well as a short document that contains data from muster rolls of the 1680s. The records of the Grand Treasurer of Lithuania contain detailed lists of all Lithuanian military units which were part of the mercenary army and data on their numbers during the eight quarters of military service between 1683 and 1686. This material can be used for in-depth studies on the careers of military officers at that time, as well as the patronclient relationships between hetmans and their subordinates. The article also analyses the actions of the hetmans Kazimierz Jan Sapieha and Józef Bogusław Słuszko, whose aim was to strengthen the position of the Sapieha family and the royalist party, respectively, among soldiers and commanders.

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Struktura wydatków skarbu litewskiego w latach sześćdziesiątych XVII wieku w świetle rachunków skarbnego litewskiego Gabriela Karola Kimbara

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Bobiatyński K.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2022

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tom 83

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nr Spec.

385-407

EN

The article analyses the structure of expenditures of the Lithuanian treasury in the 1660s. The study is based on the book of revenues and expenses of the Lithuanian Gabriel Kimbar, who administered the Lithuanian treasury standing in for the Lithuanian treasurer in 1662–1663. The article’s aim is also a broader reflection on the usefulness of this type of documents for research into the functioning of the Lithuanian state in the second half of the seventeenth century.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy struktury wydatków skarbu litewskiego w latach sześćdziesiątych XVII w. Jako podstawę źródłową wykorzystano księgę dochodów i rozchodów skarbnego litewskiego Gabriela Karola Kimbara, administrującego skarbem litewskim w zastępstwie podskarbiego w latach 1662–1663. Celem artykułu jest również szersza refleksja nad przydatnością dokumentacji tego typu do badań nad funkcjonowaniem państwa litewskiego w drugiej połowie XVII w.

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Źródła do dziejów Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w okresie rządów Wazów i „królów rodaków” w Archiwum Książąt Kurlandzkich w Łotewskim Państwowym Archiwum Historycznym w Rydze

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Nagielski M. , Bobiatyński K.

Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica

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2013

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nr 20

113-126

EN

The article discusses the holdings of the princes of Courland Archives , which is stored - as fond 554 - at the Latvian State Historical Archives (Latvijas Valsts vestures arhivs) in Riga. So far, the Polish historians have used these records to a small extent., although this archive contains many valuable materials for the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th century. The most valuable Polonica include a vast collection of correspondence between the princes of the Kettlers Family and the Polish kings of the Vasa dynasty as well as with the leading representatives of the Polish and Lithuanian magnates. This collection includes some interesting source material for the history of the military conflict with Sweden, as of the campaign of 1621, until the end of the Second Northern War in 1660. Great value have also diplomatic records, mostly reports submitted by the representatives of the Kettlers at the royal court (especially of Jan III Sobieski), as well as documents showing the policy of the princes of Courland towards its neighbors (Poland, Moscow, Sweden, Brandenburg), and their attempts to appear neutral and independent in times of great conflict taking place in the 17thc. in this part of Europe.

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Gediminas Lesmaitis (15 VII 1976 – 8 XII 2017)

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Bobiatyński K. , Łopatecki K.

Rocznik Lituanistyczny

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2017

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tom 3