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3 Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

3 Zarobny S.

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Strategic Compass as a new Impetus for European Defense

100%

Zarobny S.

2022

tom 41(41)

32-50

A few months before the COVID-19 pandemic, European politicians and experts had tried to answer two fundamental questions: is it possible to transform the European Union into a Security and Defense Union? The other one was: is the Union able to generate a program that will become a signpost for a more dynamic development of European defense? The author of this article attempts to answer these questions while pointing to the need for closer defense integration, which is gaining new significance in Europe in the context of the drastic change in the international security environment over the past few years and months. The author discusses extensively the question of the possible emergence of a common military force of the European Union as integrated military units of the EU Member States within the “European army”. He draws attention to the importance of the Strategic Compass, which, in his opinion, may give new dynamics to defense cooperation within the EU, accelerate the development of military capabilities in Europe, strengthen NATO’s deterrence and defense potential, and reduce tensions in transatlantic relations.

Evolutionary Trends in German and Japanese Strategic Culture

100%

Zarobny S.

tom 40(40)

98-114

Despite the fact that there has been no consensus so far among scientists concerning one definition of the concept of strategic culture, it is an interesting research area. It seems even more interesting when it is analyzed through the prism of the Federal Republic of Germany and Japan, based on studies of their strategic cultures. In the article, the author presents arguments justifying the thesis that the political and strategic culture of the Federal Republic of Germany and Japan has gone through a long evolutionary path and has shaped its own distinguishing features. This means that there are similarities and differences between the strategic cultures of these countries, and their richness and diversity as well as differences in interpretations raise natural difficulties of choice. The similarity results from a similar recent history, high economic potential whereas the differences from different locations, military potential, different culture and historical experiences. The author discusses selected values important in German and Japanese culture as well as episodes from the history of both countries, and puts forward the thesis that the strategic cultures of Germany and Japan also have a significant impact on their foreign policy.

Strategic Culture of the United States of America – Comparative Background

100%

Zarobny S.

tom 38(38)

82-102

Culture is the natural environment of the strategy, which itself directly shapes security by providing ideas and standards for professional strategists or politicians setting specific goals and tasks in the area of security. In this article, the author attempts to examine the process of shaping the strategic culture of the United States and to show the similarities and differences with the strategic culture of the People’s Republic of China. The basic research method that was applied was the literature analysis on the basis of which the author comes to the general conclusion that there are many similarities and differences (with the predominance of the latter) between the cultures of the United States and the People's Republic of China. They result primarily from the history of both powers, the attitude to threats and the usage of the armed forces, as well as the pursued security and foreign policy.