The aim of this article is the reconstruction and analysis of the political ideas that may be conceived as the components of Konstanty Grzybowski’s (Polish conservative thinker of the interwar period) conservative attitude. Grzybowski’s case is one of the most interesting among other conservatives in this period due to at least three reasons: his reluctant attitude towards Catholic Church, his acceptation for democracy (very rare among most of the Polish conservatives) and also his controversial decisions on his political affiliations in the interwar (but also postwar) period in Poland. The authors claim is that Grzybowski’s “peculiarity” results from the ideas that shaped his conservative attitude: the acceptation of political evolution, political realism and republicanism. This combination may be understood only by taking into closer consideration his philosophical background, especially the resignation of any metaphysical foundations of the political power that may follow from religious beliefs.
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The aim of this article is the reconstruction and analysis of the historical and political beliefs of Antoni Walewski, Polish monarchist and conservative historian of the 19th century. In his youth, Walewski participated in the November Uprising and along with other Polish statesmen and soldiers went on exile to France, where he backed up Prince Adam J. Czartoryski and supported the controversial concept of “the kingship de facto”. According to this idea, all Poles should submit to Czartoryski (who himself was the king de facto; despite the lack of any legal arguments) in order to spread the new insurrection (far more powerful and well organized than the previous one) against the Commonwealth’s invaders. Later on, in 1848 Walewski totally changed his political orientation. He resigned from his insurrectionism, became a loyalist and started to support the governments of Austria and Russia. This sudden turn in his political beliefs may be understood on the ground of historiosophy. It appears that Walewski’s political statements had deeper roots in a very interesting perspective on the nature of the history, especially the Polish one.
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