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3 2023

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The current state of knowledge on small cell and non-small cell lung cancer and the position of durvalumab immunotherapy in lung cancer treatment

100%

Poboży K. , Domańska J. , Domański P.

nr 4

75-82

Lung cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. These statistics make lung cancer one of the most important targets for modern medicine. The identification of multiple risk factors, including tobacco smoking, has been fundamental in understanding the disease. Late-stage detection is a significant contributor to the high mortality rate of lung cancer. Nonetheless, the role of screening is still debatable. The selection of therapy is primarily based on distinguishing between small-cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Despite the major differences in treatment, in both types in specific situations the treatment involves durvalumab – a monoclonal antibody targeting the programmed cell death ligand 1 molecule, which is often present on tumor cells and protects them against the patient’s immune system. The efficacy of durvalumab has been demonstrated in two randomized, multicenter clinical trials. The aim of this study is to summarize the current state of knowledge about lung cancer and durvalumab. Despite the current 5-year survival rate of 19% in lung cancer, the development of immunotherapeutics such as durvalumab may be the key to improving the unfavorable prognosis of lung cancer in the future.

Poly(adP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib in the treatment of ovarian cancer: a comprehensive review of current literature

100%

Poboży K. , Domańska J. , Domański P.

2023

tom 13

nr 2

39-47

Purpose of the review: This comprehensive review aims to provide a summary of current research on the utilization of olaparib, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PArP) inhibitor, in the treatment of ovarian cancer. The review aims to highlight the key findings from recent clinical trials and assess the potential of olaparib as a targeted therapy for improving the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. recent findings: Ovarian cancer remains a significant global health concern with high mortality rates. While optimal debulking surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy are the standard treatments, the recurrence rates remain substantial. The emergence of PArP inhibitors, particularly olaparib, has intro duced a novel therapeutic approach that targets the genomic instability and DnA repair mechanisms in cancer cells. notable clinical trials, such as SOl O1, SOl O2, and PAOlA-1, have demonstrated the effectiveness of olaparib in significantly improving progression-free survival, particularly in patients with Br CA mutations or homologous recombination deficiency. Additionally, combination therapies involving olaparib, such as those with bevacizumab or entinostat, have shown promising results. Summary: The utilization of olaparib has brought about a paradigm shift in the treatment of ovarian cancer. notably, it has shown significant improvements in progression-free survival and overall survival, particularly in patients with Br CA mutations or homologous recombination deficiency. The exploration of olaparib through various clinical trials and combination therapies continues to provide valuable insights and offer new prospects for ovarian cancer patients. Moreover, the growing understanding of PArP inhibitors holds the potential for further advancements in the prognosis of patients with this formidable condition.

Advances in immunotherapy for osteosarcoma: a review of emerging treatment strategies

88%

Poboży K. , Domański P. , Domańska J. , Konarski W. , Poboży T.

2023

tom 13

nr 3

75-84

Advances in immunotherapy for osteosarcoma have shown promising results, with the use of monoclonal antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. These strategies are aimed at targeting specific molecules and pathways involved in tumour immune evasion and promoting anti-tumour immune responses. Other emerging immunotherapeutic approaches include autophagy and pyroptosis induction, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, gadolinium-bisphosphonate nanoparticles and dendritic cell-based vaccines. Continued research into these emerging treatment strategies is essential for developing effective therapies for patients with high-grade osteosarcoma.