Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

High population density of Little Owl (Athene noctua) in Hortobagy National Park, Hungary, Central Europe

100%

Salek M. , Chrenkova M. , Kipson M.

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nr 1

EN

Little Owl is a rapidly declining farmland species across Central Europe, however its population status is poorly known in Hungary. The main aim of this study was to determine the distribution and population density of Little Owl in Hortobagy National Park (northeastern Hungary), which is characterized by a high proportion of grassland habitats. During March and April of 2011–2012, the Little Owl occurrence was surveyed using tape-recorded stimulation in 245 sampling points in an area of 489 km². In total, we recorded 245 calling males with relative positive occurrence of 75.5% in an individual sampling point. The average nearest neighbour distance of two calling males was 553.6 meters (min. = 70 m, max. = 3100 m). The average population density of Little Owls was 5.01 calling males/10 km², however this could reach up to 85.97 calling males/10 km² in 3.06 km² locally. Residential buildings and farms were the main expected breeding places in our study area. High density of the Little Owl in the study area is probably influenced by traditional pastoral management, extensive agriculture and high proportion of grasslands. The particualar role could be atributed to presence of short-sward pastures around human settlements, considered to be crucial for the species survival in Central Europe. Further monitoring of the Little Owl is necessary to assess its current population status across various parts of its distribution range.

2

Chemical and nutritional characteristics of different types of DDGS for ruminants

75%

Chrenkova M. , Ceresnakova Z. , Formelova Z. , Polacikova M. , Mlynekova Z. , Fl'ak P.

Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences

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2012

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tom 21

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nr 3

EN

In this study, different types of cereal grains (maize, wheat, triticale), and their respective distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS: DDGSM, DDGSW, DDGST) were used. Their effects on parameters expressing nutritional value for ruminants were assessed. The chemical composition of the DDGS was significantly differed (P<0.01), similarly as that of the cereal grains. The DDGS from maize was the highest in fat (103.5 g. kg-1 DM) but the lowest in crude protein (CP) (291.9 g. kg-1 DM) and ADF (159.9 g. kg-1 DM). All DDGS types had similar energy values (ME approx. 12.5 MJ. kg-1 DM, NEL approx. 7.5 MJ. kg-1 DM and NEV approx. 7.6 MJ. kg-1 DM). The DDGS were three times higher in PDIN values than the original grains (P<0.01). DDGSM had lower in situ effective CP degradability (46.5%) than DDGSW (58.5%) and DDGST (76.8%), but the highest and most stable intestinal digestibility (ID) of rumen undegraded CP (94.3%). The most variable intestinal digestibility was found in DDGSW samples (79.6%-92.2%). The acid detergent insoluble CP (ADICP) content (% from total CP) was significantly higher in wheat and triticale DDGS than in the original grains. There were significant plant effects on fat, ME, NEV, ADICP (P<0.01), ADF, and NADIP (P<0.05). We can conclude that all types of DDGS are a good source of CP and energy for ruminants.

3

Combined administration of bacteriocin-producing, probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium CCM7420 with Eleutherococcus senticosus and their effect in rabbits

63%

Simonova M. P. , Laukova A. , Chrastinova L. , Placha I. , Strompfova V. , Cobanova K. , Formelova Z. , Chrenkova M.

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2013

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tom 16

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nr 4

EN

The effect of Enterococcus faecium CCM7420 (EF) – enterocin-producing and probiotic strain of rabbit origin, Eleutherococcus senticosus extract (ES) and their combination (ES+EF) was determined on selected bacteria in faeces and caecum content, leukocytes phagocytosis, blood biochemistry and growth performance. Ninety-six weaned rabbits were divided into 3 experimental (ES, EF, ES+EF) and control group (CG). The rabbits in the groups ES and EF+ES were fed commercial diet enriched with E. senticosus extract (30 g/100 kg feed), rabbits in groups EF and CG were fed untreated diet. The rabbits in the EF and ES+EF groups were administered with an overnight culture of E. faecium CCM7420 strain (500 μl/animal/day into water, 109 CFU/ml). The treatment period lasted 21 days. The microbiological examinations in faecal samples confirmed the presence of E. faecium CCM7420 strain. In groups EF and ES+EF, the reduction of faecal coliforms, Pseudomonas-like sp., Clostridium-like sp. and S. aureus was recorded. Leucocyte phagocytosis significantly increased in all experimental groups (P<0.0001) compared to CG. The lowest GPx values were measured in the ES+EF group. Higher total protein, triglycerides and calcium concentrations were detected in experimental groups compared to CG. The cholesterol concentration decreased in the ES group. The highest average daily gain was recorded in EF group; in ES+EF the better feed conversion ratio and no mortality was recorded. These results indicated that the dietary supplementation with the E. faecium CCM7420 and E. senticosus extract stimulate the leukocytes phagocytosis and reduces the potential pathogens in rabbits digestive tract without oxidative stress and improve the growth performance.

4

Effect of freshwater microalgae Nannochloropsis limnetica on the rumen fermentation in vitro

63%

Marrez D. A. , Cieslak A. , Gawad R. , Ebeid H. M. , Chrenkova M. , Gao M. , Yanza Y. R. , El-Sherbiny M. , Szumacher-Straber M.

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2017

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tom 26

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nr 4

EN

It was hypothesised that Nannochloropsis limnetica due to the specific chemical composition and fatty acids profile, may positively affect rumen fermentation. To confirm this hypothesis the batch culture experiment was conducted to evaluate N. limnetica supplemented at 0, 2, 4 and 6% of the substrate dry matter (DM) on both fermentation and fatty acid proportion in the ruminal culture. It was found that microalgae N. limnetica contain (g · kg−1 DM): crude protein 238, Ca 48.7, Na 31.8 and unsaturated fatty acids (51.7 g · 100 g−1 fatty acids). Moreover, leucine and lysine were the most abundant essential amino acids in the analysed microalgae. The total bacteria count was negatively affected if N. limnetica algae were supplemented at more than 4%. So, the research hypothesis that microalgae N. limnetica may affect rumen fermentation was confirmed, mainly by increasing propionic acid concentration without changes in the total volatile fatty acids concentration. However, a high dose (6%) decreased rumen bacteria count. Further research under commercial farm conditions should be conducted to confirm the usefulness of freshwater microalgae N. limnetica as a feed additive for ruminants.

5

Effect of combined administration of enterocin 4231 and sage in rabbits

63%

Szaboova R. , Laukova A. , Chrastinova L. , Strompfova V. , Pogany Simonova M. , Vasilkova Z. , Cobanova K. , Placha I. , Chrenkova M.

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tom 14

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nr 3

EN

Enterocin (Ent) 4231, produced by non-rabbit origin strain Enterococcus faecium CCM 4231 was used in combination with sage plant extract in rabbits with the aim to check their antimicrobial activity against microbiota, their effect on immunological, biochemical blood parameters, values of volatile fatty acids in caecum, Eimeria sp. oocysts occurrence and selected parameters of rabbits meat. The animals were divided into three experimental groups (EG1-Ent 4231; EG2- sage; EG3- Ent 4231 with sage) and control group (CG); 24 rabbits in each. Natural substances (NS) were administered for 21 days. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The reduction of microbiota in faeces was observed in EG3 at day 21 by a decrease in the numer of coagulase-positive staphylococci (P<0.01) in comparison with that determined in CG. The bacterial counts in the caecum were lower than those found in faeces. A decrease in the numer of Pseudomonas-like sp. in caeca of the experimental groups was observed at days 21 and 42 (difference in range 0.40-1.87 log cycles) comparing with that determined in CG. At day 21, a significant increase in phagocytic activity (PA, P<0.001) was found in blood of rabbits from EG2 comparing with that observed in CG. At day 42, a significant increase in PA (P<0.001) was determined in all experimental groups in comparison with CG. At day 21, in caecal content of EG3 significantly higher values of lactic acid were observed (P<0.05) in comparison with those found in CG. The reduction of Eimeria sp. oocysts was demonstrated after application of each of NS. Addition of NS did not influence biochemical parameters, meat quality of the animals and does not influence negatively the health status of rabbits.