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The Usage of Intelligent Agents in Applications of E-commerce: Virtual Assistants

100%

Kuligowska K.

Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo

2007

nr 18

99-112

Intelligent agents - a large family of computer applications - allow to automatize a certain amount of tasks carried out starting from an easy macro in Excel or Word and as far as complex systems of artificial intelligence capable of learning while being used, detecting problems and formulating appropriate solutions for them. Electronic agents are software performing specific tasks and possessing necessary knowledge to perform them, they can also cooperate with their surroundings as well as communicating with other agents. From the moment internet spread on a world scale virtual assistants penetrate into everyday life, they play a more and more important role in e-commerce applications. They find a lot of significant usages in business, managing and processing information, managing business processes and participating in e-commerce. They give the user information through informal conversation and act as helpdesk accessible at every time of day or night, they answer recurring questions without fatigue, learning while performing the task - the more they are used the more effective they become. A product based on artificial intelligence best fits in a style of work such as this.

Wirtualny asystent - sztuczna inteligencja w statystyce?

63%

Kuligowska K. , Lasek M.

Wiadomości Statystyczne

2007

tom 52

nr 12

Stigma development and receptivity of two Kalanchoe blossfeldiana cultivars

51%

Traore L. T. , Kuligowska K. , Lutken H. , Muller R.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

2014

tom 36

nr 07

Several members of the Kalanchoë genus are popular as ornamental plants. Cross-breeding and wide hybridisation are essential to continuously introduce novel traits into cultivated plant material. This study aimed to identify the major factors related to the stigma affecting cross-pollination in the Kalanchoë blossfeldiana. Pollen tube growth after pollination of K. blossfeldiana ‘Jackie’ and ‘Reese’ was examined at different stigma developmental stages. Five distinct developmental stages were identified based on changes in morphology and activity of stigmatic peroxidase. After reciprocal pollination at the five stigma developmental stages, fluorescence microscopy was used to estimate the number of pollen tubes in situ. Both cultivars had receptive stigmas from stage I to IV, which concurred with the continuous expansion of the stigma covered with exudates. No pollen tube growth was observed at stage V for both cultivars. The number of pollen tubes was significantly higher in carpels pollinated at stage III, characterized by loose arrangement of the papillae and maximal amount of exudates, compared to all other developmental stages. Stigmas showing drying exudates and absence of peroxidase exhibited a relatively decreased number of pollen tubes in situ. No pollen tubes germinated on wilting stigmas. The arrangement of the papillae, the presence of exudates and peroxidase activity affected the number of pollen tubes in cross-pollination of K. blossfeldiana cultivars ‘Jackie’ and ‘Reese’. These results will help breeders to better select the optimal time for effective pollination. The findings may be applicable for other cultivars of K. blossfeldiana and relevant for different species of Kalanchoë.