Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Zgazowanie węgla czystą technologią węglową

100%

Machowska H. , Knapik E.

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tom Vol. 65, nr 10

946-953

PL

W artykule przedstawiono proces zgazowania jako podstawę nowych czystych technologii wykorzystania węgla. Dokonano analizy aktualnej sytuacji na światowych rynkach węgla oraz omówiono technologiczne i środowiskowe aspekty procesu zgazowania.

EN

The paper presents the gasification process as the foundation of new "clean" coal technologies. The current situation on global coal market was assessed and the technological and environmental aspects of the gasification process were discussed.

2

Application of multifunctional fluids to improve hydrocarbon production

100%

Knapik E. , Stopa J.

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tom Vol. 30, no. 1

117--125

EN

In the course of the mature gas fields exploitation there are many technical problems including the corrosion damage, formation of hydrates and water cut. In many cases, an effective solution of these problems is the dosage of appropriately selected chemicals. Commercially available corrosion inhibitors, hydrate inhibitors, demulsifiers and foaming agents are injected in a form of single, multifunctional mixture through one liner which reduces injection costs. The paper presents the results of laboratory tests, which aim was to investigate synergism and antagonism in multifunctional mixture containing different commercially available surfactants, corrosion and hydrate inhibitors. Correlations between final product composition and performances such as liquid unloading efficiency, corrosion protection and pour point were studied. The described approach allows to adapt the tertiary mixture composition (foaming agent + corrosion inhibitor + hydrates inhibitor) to the current production conditions. The polarization behavior of electrodes in brines with and without mixture of additives has been studied by a cyclic voltammetric method. The addition of increasing concentrations of each chemicals causes the reduction in the corrosion current density. The measurements using a modified method of the US Bureau of Mines show synergistic effect of surfactants and corrosion inhibitor on foamabilities. Multifunctional mixtures are stable under storage conditions and not cause any compatibility problems with reservoir fluids.

3

Laboratory experiments for crude oil removal from water surface using hydrophobic nano-silica as sorbent

100%

Knapik E. , Stopa J.

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2014

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tom Vol. 31, no. 2

281--289

EN

Nanomaterials have a great potential for the possible oil spill cleanup due to their unique wettability characteristics and large surface area. This work reports investigations on oil sorption behavior of a commercially available hydrophobic nano-silica when tested with a light paraffinic crude oil and a heavy aromatic crude oil. Sorption experiments were carried out in batch sorption system under static and dynamic conditions. Influence of mass of sorbent, sorption time, temperature and pH value of water on sorption capacity were tested and compared to find an optimal operational conditions for adsorption process. Nanopowder exhibited high selectivity for absorbing oil from water; a removal efficiency found by gravimetric method was high as 96% to 99%. The sorption capacity inereases with the inerease of sorption time and mass of sorbent. Nano-silica powder was found to be effective sorbent material as compared to widely used synthetic fibers

4

Soil contamination by petroleum substances in the vicinity of oil production wells

80%

Wartak J. , Chruszcz-Lipska K. , Knapik E. , Rychlicki S.

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tom Vol. 33, no. 4

723--731

EN

The paper presents the study of various indicators of soil contamination by petroleum substances from the area of active exploitation of oil deposits in the south of Poland. Nineteen studied soil samples were taken directly around the production wells (0–1 m) or their vicinity (1–7 m) at a depth of 0.1 to 0.3 m. Collected samples were tested for the presence of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene and benzo(g,h,i)perylene. An analysis of the content of these chemical compounds in the soil samples was performed by gas chromatography. The observed results were interpreted to determine the hazard for the natural environment and human health. The evaluation of soil samples was based on the new Regulation of the Ministry of Environment of 1 September 2016 regarding the assessment of contamination of the surface of the earth (Journal of Laws 2016 Nr 0, item 1395) as well as guidelines presented by the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (ISSPC).

5

Assessment of the quality of surface water from selected area of active oil exploitation

80%

Chruszcz-Lipska K. , Knapik E. , Rychlicki S. , Stopa J.

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tom Vol. 32, no. 1

65-76

EN

In this work, the studies of various physico-chemical parameters of surface waters originated from the selected area of oil exploitation in the south of Poland are presented. The water samples were collected from streams and ponds or directly from surface tanks situated in the vicinity of operating wells. The observed values of different parameters like pH, odór, color, turbidity, electroconductivity, concentration of sulfate, chloride, nitrate, iron, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, alkanity, dissolved oxygen or petroleum contamination of samples were compared with standard values recommended by the WHO (World Health Organization) and the relevant Polish Regulation. Preliminary studies show that investigated surface waters are slightly affected by anthropogenic pollution. The main two sources of contamination of water from the study area are agriculture and mining industry.

6

The role of capillary trapping during geologic CO2 sequestration

80%

Knapik E. , Janiga D. , Wojnarowski P. , Stopa J.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2015

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tom Vol. 32, no. 4

s. 657--669

EN

Capillary trapping is thought to be one of the primary CO2 fixing mechanisms in a porous medium when it is stored. While CO2 is injected, gas displaces formation water (brine) in the process called drainage. In the case of the rock mass wetted by water, formation water remains adsorbed in wall pores and micropores. Once the injection process has been completed, gas is displaced by the natural water in the process referred to as imbibition. In that way CO2, being a non-wetting phase, is held in the form of dispersed bubbles as an immobile phase. The process occurs fast and allows for a regular storage of large amounts of CO2. The process is dependent upon numerous parameters, including capillary pressure and contact angle, but such measurements cannot be easily taken for rock cores in reservoir conditions. Another problem is the fact that it is difficult to separate the impact of such mechanisms as dissolution and mineral trapping. So far capillary trapping has been deeply analyzed in terms of hydrocarbon recovery and contaminant remediation. The goal of this article is to:– present a physiochemical basis of capillary trapping in CCS context,– simulate the impact of relative permeability hysteresis on geological CO2 storage.

7

Skład chemiczny ropy naftowej z procesu intensyfikacji wydobycia węglowodorów przy użyciu nadkrytycznego ditlenku węgla

61%

Czarnota R. , Knapik E. , Wojnarowski P. , Stopa J. , Janiga D. , Kosowski P.

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tom T. 96, nr 5

964--967

PL

Zatłaczanie ditlenku węgla do częściowo sczerpanych złóż ropy pozwala na zmniejszenie emisji CO₂ do atmosfery (geosekwestracja) przy równoczesnym wzroście wydobycia węglowodorów. Zastosowanie tej zaawansowanej metody wydobycia daje pozytywne efekty ekonomiczne i środowiskowe. W warunkach złożowych podczas reiniekcji CO₂ zachodzą złożone procesy fizykochemiczne, w tym wytrącanie asfaltenów i ekstrakcja lekkich węglowodorów. O przebiegu mieszania CO₂ z ropą decyduje ciśnienie złożowe, skład ropy i warunki geologiczne. Przeprowadzono eksperyment wypierania ropy z rdzenia skalnego w warunkach złożowych. Zmiany składu chemicznego ropy naftowej określono metodą chromatografii gazowej. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że ditlenek węgla skutecznie wynosił lekkie frakcje, co mogło powodować osadzanie i odkładanie się cięższych składników w próbce skalnej.

EN

Crude oil was recovered from rock structures (sandstone, dolomite) by flooding with supercrit. CO₂ at 50°C and 9.3 MPa under lab. conditions and studied for chem. compn. by gas chromatog. The first oil fraction contained C₆-C₁₅ hydrocarbons, the second one, the C₂₀-C₃₀ hydrocarbons. The heave components (asphalthenes) remained in the rock structure.