Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Kultura fizyczna mniejszości polskiej w Prusach Wschodnich

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Wójcik Z. , Boraczyński T.

Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu

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2015

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tom 50

16-23

EN

Background. Due to Friedrich Ludwig Jahn’s gymnastic movement founded in 1811, physical culture in Germany, including East Prussia was widely promoted. Numerous sports fields popularized the values of physical activity among young people. Many other sports disciplines later emerged from the gymnastic movement. Material and methods. The research questions concerned the processes of development of physical culture in Warmia and Mazury in the time of East Prussia and the importance of the remaining sports facilities built by the German population for the development of the sports movement after World War II when the area had become Polish territory. Conclusions. Due to the research results, it is possible to conclude that the sporting traditions of Warmia and Mazury – with the support of few Warmians, Mazurians and a handful of German ancestry citizens – were continued mainly by Polish settlers and repatriates after the end of military actions. There were only the defunct sports facilities that survived the war.

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Changes in Aerobic and Anaerobic Power Indices in Elite Handball Players Following a 4-Week General Fitness Mesocycle

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Boraczyński T. , Urniaż J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2008

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tom 19

131-140

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 4-week training programme during the first phase of the preparation period on selected indices of somatic structure as well as aerobic and anaerobic power in elite handball players. Nine handball players from a first league team took part in the study; their average age was 25.5±3.7 years, body mass 86.5±7.6 kg (I session) and 87.9±7.3 kg (II session) (p<0.01), lean body mass - 74.4±6.6 kg (I) and 76.2± 6.2 kg (II) (p<0.01), body fat mass 12.1±3.1 kg (I) and 11.7±3.1 kg (II) respectively. Two evaluations were conducted - the first at the end of the season, the second at the initial phase of the preparation period. The second phase was preceded by a 4- week period of general endurance and strength training. Aerobic fitness was assessed indirectly, taking into account the results of the PWC170 test. The absolute and relative values of the PWC170 index increased significantly from 236.6 W to 269 W (p<0.01) and from 2.73 W/kg to 3.06 W/kg (p<0.01). The values of maximum oxygen uptake - VO2max were significantly improved from 3.65 l/min to 3.98 l/min (p<0.01) and from 42.3 ml/kg/min to 45.4 ml/kg/min (p<0.05). Anaerobic fitness was assessed using the 30-second Wingate test. A statistically significant improvement of the basic indices of aerobic fitness following the 4-week training programme proved its high effectiveness. Maintaining the level of the basic indices of anaerobic power despite the absence of specific training loads, seems to corroborate the strong effect of genetic factors on the level of anaerobic fitness and the effectiveness of strength training programs.

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Changes in body composition and physical fitness of 7-year-old girls after completing a 12-month artistic gymnastics training program

80%

Boraczyński T. , Boraczyński M. , Boraczyńska S. , Michels A.

Human Movement

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2013

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tom 14

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nr 4

291-298

EN

Purpose. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in body composition and physical fitness in girls aged 7 years before and after a 12-month macrocycle artistic gymnastics training program. Methods. The study involved 32 girls attending the first grade at a sports-focused primary school with a specialization in artistic gymnastics. The study was conducted at the beginning and after an annual training cycle. Measures of body height, body mass, and body composition were performed. Physical fitness was assessed using the Eurofit physical fitness test battery. Results. The results showed average body composition and a high initial level and later dynamic increase in the physical fitness of the participants. Conclusions. The dynamic increase in the results of six Eurofit tests and the overall high level of results in seven of the tests after completing the annual training cycle is evidence of the high effectiveness of the applied training program in improving the physical fitness of the tested girls. The reasons for the lack of significant progress in one of the tests measuring agility (10 × 5 m shuttle run) are unclear, requiring more in-depth analysis of the training process used by trainers with focus on the applied methods, means, and training load volumes. The Eurofit test battery proved to be a precise tool to assess changes in the physical fitness of the tested girls after completing the annual training cycle and is therefore worth recommending at early training stage in gymnastics. The results provide useful information in optimizing the training loads of artistic gymnasts at the initial training stage.

4

Temperamental Traits Versus Individual Physical Fitness Components and a Physical Activity Level

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Bernatowicz D. , Izdebski P. , Boraczyński T. , Boraczyński M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2015

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tom 46

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nr 1

211-217

EN

The main aim of the study was to examine whether relationships exist between particular temperamental traits within the concept of Regulative Theory of Temperament and components of physical fitness, that are most crucial for success in sport. The research involved 108 individuals including 63 men (age 21.1 ± 1.6 yrs) and 45 women (age 20.7 ± 1.3 yrs). None of the respondents were professionally engaged in sport. Components of physical fitness included: aerobic capacity, strength, agility, static-dynamic balance and reaction time. The respondents also completed two questionnaires: the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour – Temperament Inventory and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The results indicate that the temperamental traits had average to poor correlations with the components of physical fitness, whereas more statistically significant correlations were observed in women. Negative correlations were obtained between emotional reactivity and agility, which was a result confirmed by previous research. All temperamental traits related with the energetic aspects of behaviour correlated with simple reaction time in women. Physical activity and aerobic capacity did not correlate with any of the studied traits. The results do not allow for any general conclusions to be drawn, but can serve as a reference point for future research on temperamental traits as delineated by Regulative Theory of Temperament and their relationship with the components of physical fitness.

5

Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Motor Coordination Abilities in Gymnast Girls Aged 7-9 Years

80%

Kochanowicz K. , Boraczyńska L. , Boraczyński T.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2009

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tom 1

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nr 1

62-69

EN

Background: The aim of the paper was to build evaluation criteria of selected motor coordination abilities, useful in optimization of training in young gymnast girls, at the initial stage of sport training.Material/Methods: 18 gymnast girls aged 7-9 years old from the Sports School in Olsztyn took part in this study. In order to evaluate selected motor coordination abilities, three tests were used. The first test was taken on dynamometric platform on which subjects performed the Ellipsis test four times. This test is based on controlling the position of the centre of body mass using a dynamometric platform. The tested person had to keep the cursor (the centre of body mass) at the point moving along a prefect ellipsis on the screen. After two rehearsals gymnasts were turned round ten times in a rotation chair. In the second test, static balance was assessed by the Flamingo balance test (Eurofit). In the third test the level of global coordination was measured.Results: A correlation analysis of the collected data showed statistically significant correlation between individual indices. On the basis of objective quantitative and qualitative information obtained in this study, norms useful in assessment of the examined abilities were drawn up. A selection of valid and reliable indicators helpful in objective evaluation of motor coordination abilities in gymnast girls at the initial stage of sport training was made.Conclusions: Drawn up norms of motor coordination abilities evaluation create the basics for individualization of training in young gymnast girls at the initial stage of sport training.

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Wpływ kąpieli w zimnej wodzie na powysiłkową aktywność a1-antytrypsyny i wybranych enzymów lizosomalnych we krwi zdrowych mężczyzn – doniesienia wstępne

61%

Pawłowska M. , Mila- Kierzenkowska C. , Boraczyński T. , Boraczyński M. , Sutkowy P. , Paprocki J. , Woźniak A.

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

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2017

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tom 33(3)

193-201

EN

Background. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of winter bath after physical exercise on the activity of α1-antitrypsin (AAT) and selected lysosomal enzymes: arylsulfatase (ASA), acid phosphatase (AcP) and cathepsin D (CTS D) in healthy males’ blood. Material and methods. 22 males participated in two session of aerobic physical exercise. After one session the subjects rested in room temperature while after the other session they bathed in cold water (3 minutes, 8ºC; experiment 2). During each stage they had blood taken from the basilic vein prior to physical exercise and 2 and 20 minutes after the exercise. The activity of AAT, ASA, AcP and CTS D was assayed in blood serum. The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA test. The changes at the level p<0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. Results. A statistically significant increase in AcP and CTS D activity was found as well as a decrease in AAT activity following physical exercise and resting at room temperature as compared with the activity of the assayed parameters prior to physical exercise. Conversely, no statistically significant differences in protease inhibitor activity (AAT) and lysosomal enzyme activity were noted after physical exercise and cold water bath as compared with their activity measured prior to 30-minute long physical exercise. Conclusions. Hot water bath applied after physical exercise increases the stability of lysosomal membranes and may result in a decrease of post-exercise muscle damage.

PL

Wstęp. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu kąpieli w zimnej wodzie zastosowanej po wysiłku fizycznym na aktywność α1-antytrypsyny (AAT) oraz wybranych enzymów lizosomalnych: arylosulfatazy (ASA), kwaśnej fosfatazy (AcP) i katepsyny D (CTS D) we krwi zdrowych mężczyzn. Materiał i metody. 22 mężczyzn poddano dwóm sesjom 30-min. aerobowego wysiłku fizycznego. Po jednym z nich mężczyźni odpoczywali w temperaturze pokojowej, podczas gdy po drugim poddano ich kąpieli w zimnej wodzie (3 min, 8ºC; doświadczenie 2). W każdym z etapów krew pobrano trzykrotnie z żyły odłokciowej: przed wysiłkiem fizycznym oraz 2 i 20 min. po zakończeniu wysiłku. W surowicy krwi oznaczono aktywności AAT, ASA, AcP i CTS D. Uzyskane wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej za pomocą testu ANOVA. Zmiany na poziomie p<0,05 uznano za istotne statystycznie. Wyniki. Wykazano istotny statystycznie wzrost aktywności AcP i CTS D oraz obniżenie aktywności AAT po wysiłku fizycznym i odpoczynku w temperaturze pokojowej w porównaniu do aktywności oznaczanych parametrów przed wysiłkiem fizycznym. Nie odnotowano natomiast istotnych statystycznie różnic aktywności inhibitora proteaz (AAT) oraz oznaczanych enzymów lizosomalnych po wysiłku fizycznym i kąpieli w zimnej wodzie w porównaniu z ich aktywnością przed 30-minutowym wysiłkiem. Wnioski. Kąpiel w zimnej wodzie zastosowana po wysiłku fizycznym zwiększa stabilność błon lizosomalnych i może skutkować zmniejszeniem powysiłkowych uszkodzeń mięśni.