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1

AN EDUCATION VIA MEMORY (LADISLAV BALLEK: 'JUZNA POSTA' /SOUTHERN POST/ )

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Barborik V.

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tom 53

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nr 1

11-23

EN

The study deals with a collection of short stories 'Juzná posta' (Southern Post, 1974), written by Slovak prose author Ladislav Ballek. Interpretation is based on an assumption of mutual and strong coherence between all the stories. All of them are interweaving into a consistent epic work. The message of each of them exceeds intention of autonomous story. A child protagonist Ján Jurkovic is an important unifying element of the book. He is attracted by unknown, strange world of grown-ups. In most of the stories he is more than an observer, he is a person involved. But everything he can perceive from seeing and listening becomes a part of his private 'novel of education'. Though narration he also adopts some aspects of author's narrative form, the perspective is partly personalised - adapted to the child hero. The narrator uses a double perspective keeping both naturalness of the child's view and it's correction through eyes of an adult. Reminiscent modality is typical for the short stories of 'Juzná posta'. A hidden story - the story of human memory- in the Ballek's book is developed concurrently with the plots subordinated to explicit conveyed themes. The narrative cycle uses different generic bases. It is a characteristic transformation of the 'novel of education' and there are also elements of adventurous reading and generic structure of a story with a secret. An important structural element of the work is its country-space plan and geographical orientation. The location of south, also stressed by the title, bears its own culture and it serves also as a specific literary symptom. The character of countryside differs from the traditional vertical concept of literary topography of Slovakia, developed and petrified from the period of Romanticism, for which rigorous, monumental, ascetically cold picture of north was typical. Ballek depicts south as a place of culture, a Slovak-Hungarian boarder, formed by a man. Typical for his literary picture is a horizontal line containing sharp sensual impulses provoking mostly eyes and ears. The centre of his space in the entire book is a frontier town Palánk. The south boarder is a relatively open place where different cultural and linguistic influences merge into one another. In the context of the L. Ballek's works, 'Juzná posta' is the first book from an extensive prose cycle located to Palánk. This cycle belongs to the most important epic projects in the Slovak literature of the 70th and 80th.

2

A REMINISCENT NOVEL REVIVED THROUGH AN EMOTION (FRANTISEK HECKO: THE RED WINE)

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Barborik V.

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tom 53

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nr 3-4

184-199

EN

The study is a part of a collective project focused on interpretation of the key Slovak literary works of the 20th C. The aim of it is to read the known and in the case of a work of Frantisek Hecko: 'Cervené vino' (The Red Wine), also the classicised works in confrontation with the previously made interpretations. The starting point for the interpretation is textological; it is a comparison of several editions of The red Wine, while the decisive conceptive differences occur mostly in comparison of the first and all other following editions. The next step of our work was a typological identification of the work. The significant changes of the first edition of the text made by the author himself (1948), having been followed in the all the editions up to now, can be explained predominantly by outside circumstances, that means establishment of the Communist regime in 1948 and a radically new cultural politics, which negated hard plural model of literature having been respected until that time. Hecko adapted to this situation. He responded as an embattled socialistic writer and that was why he reduced in the novel much of that what belongs to the main natural resources of The Red Wine: motives, in which folk Catholicism had appeared, biblical lexical layer, as well as oral and ethic bases characteristic for the Christian cultural model. He changed markedly the end of the novel and he put into it a class aspect - required by the period and the regime. The interpretation is an attempt to reveal the former conceptual bases of Hecko's writing and to point out to the non - organic changes in his novel, which were required by the historical situation.

3

AN ATTEMPT AT A LIFE ALTERNATIVE: PRICE FOR SECULARISATION (Dusan Kuzel: 'Lampa')

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Barborik V.

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tom 52

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nr 2

104-117

EN

The study deals with a novel of a Slovak prose writer Dusan Kuzel (1940 - 1985), called 'Lampa' (A Lamp). This work was written in the first half of the 70th but it was published only in 1991. The novel belongs to the many texts at the turn of 60th and 70th, which could not be published in the political and cultural regime after the Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia. It represents a structural, progressively productive and value relevant alternative to officially published literature of that period. The prose 'Lampa' (A Lamp) is an ambitious project, organically joined several traditional novel, types: a novel of journey, scholastic - autodidactic novel as well as a novel with a socially critical intention. The work of Kuzel is also connected with 90th, mainly with its ironical revealing of literary substance, when the theme becomes a literature itself. The novel is a sceptical polemic with 'great stories': and their teleology: with a Christian story of the 'history of salvation', with a socialist story of emancipation of a person of work and then with another 'story of salvation', based on a belief in technological progress. It is also a fathoming of the situation which follows when the big tightly connected narrations lost their credit and emptified: they are situations of non-control, amorphic freedom, which is transformed from an ideal into a phantom.

4

RIDER'S LEGEND IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VAMOS'S PROSE WORK

100%

Barborik V.

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tom 52

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nr 1

34-41

EN

The novelette of a Slovak writer Gejza Vámos 'Jazdecká legenda' (Legend on Riding) was published in 1932. Both contemporary critics as well as the historians of literature evaluated the book as a non problematic, relaxing intermezzo: from the aspect of editing sequence the author's work 'Jazdecká legenda' was published between two most important works of the author - novels 'Atomy Boha' (The Atoms of God) and 'Odlomená haluz' (Cut out Branch). In the interpretation of the novelette of Vámos , the author of the study observes changes of the genre of legend in the modern Slovak prose. The former hagiographic context of the legend was transformed into a form of irony and parody, influenced also by 'lower' forms of oral tradition. 'Jazdecká legenda' is also a profession like prose, with such a theme as experiencing the institution of army. In this novelette Vámos controversially follows his previous literary works - 'a medical novel' Atomy Boha (1928), and some tendencies of Czecho-Slovak and European literature between two WWs.