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1
Content available remote Influence of refractive dispersion on Fabry-Perrot Filter spectrum
100%
Walczak A. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Marciniak P.
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
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2002
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tom Vol. 51, nr 1
93-101
PL
Przedstawiony jest wpływ dyspersji optycznej współczynników załamania ciekłego kryształu oraz porządkującego warstwy poliimidu na charakterystyki widmowe filtra Fabry-Perot (FPF). Rozpatrywany jest filtr o specjalnej konstrukcji, wypełniony ciekłym kryształem. Pokazano sposób korekcji dyspersji ciekłego kryształu w tym filtrze mierząc w tym celu dyspersję współczynnika załamania warstwy bufora optycznego poliimid /lustro/ ITO. Wyznaczono dyspersję zwyczajnego współczynnika załamania w 5CB, wykorzystując skorygowane charakterystyki FPF. Zgodność wyniku z danymi literaturowymi w zakresie optycznym 0,4 - 0,8 nm jest zadowalająca.
EN
We report the effect of anisotropic refractive indices dispersion in liquid crystalline (LC) layer as well as in polyimide layer on Fabry-Perot Filter (FPF) spectrum. The experimental data have been obtained from transmission spectra of a plane parallel Fabry-Perot Filter (FPF) filled with liquid crystal. We assumed the perpendicular light incidence and the absence of absorption and scattering what means that extinction is negligible. Experimental correction of the calculated FPF spectrum has been done. After that it has been used to determine optical dispersion of the ordinary refraction index of 5CB. Similarity of the results with literature values for 4,4'-n-pentylcyanobiphenyl (5CB) is good.
2
Content available remote Research of chromatic dispersion by means of Fabry-Perot filter.
100%
Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Walczak A. , Marciniak P.
Optica Applicata
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2001
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tom Vol. 31, nr 4
751-760
EN
We report on the method of the chromatic dispersion determination of anisotropic refractive indices of homogeneously oriented layers of liquid crystals (LC). The experimental data have been obtained from transmission spectra of a plane parallel Fabry-Perot filter (FPF) filled with the liquid crystal under investigation. Physical basis, experimental techniques and mathematical procedures have been described. We assumed the perpendicular light incidence and the absence of absorption and scattering. The dispersion of both refractive indices has been determined over the visible spectrum. Values obtained for 5CB (K15 MERCK) during the test measurement appeared to be similar with those published in literature. Results for W602 and 1292 liquid crystalline mixtures made at the Institute of Chemistry Military University of Technology are given.
3
Content available Fotoporządkowanie : alternatywna technika dla szybkich przetworników ciekłokrystalicznych
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Chrzanowski M. M. , Zieliński J. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Olifierczuk M.
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
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2010
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tom Vol. 59, nr 3
375-394
PL
W artykule podjęto temat wyboru techniki fotoporządkowania ciekłego kryształu. Technologia ta jest alternatywą dla najczęściej stosowanego rubbingu, czyli jednostronnego polerowania warstw poliimidowych i poliamidowych. Zarówno w przypadku rubbingu (buffingu), który ma naturę kontaktową, jak i bezkontaktowego fotoporządkowania efektem pracy jest wytworzenie anizotropii warstwy, która następnie ma za zadanie porządkować leżącą bezpośrednio na niej warstwę ciekłego kryształu (LC). Rubbing jest metodą stosunkowo prostą i tanią i jest zwyczajowo używany przy produkcji wyświetlaczy ciekłokrystalicznych. W trakcie polerowania mogą jednak powstawać uszkodzenia struktury matrycy aktywnej oraz tworzyć się pyły, które są szkodliwe zwłaszcza dla bardzo cienkich warstw ciekłego kryształu. W związku z tym poszukuje się metod alternatywnych porządkowania. Z fotoporządkowaniem mamy do czynienia wtedy, gdy anizotropia warstwy porządkującej wywołana jest przez ekspozycję materiału fotoczułego na działanie światła ultrafioletowego spolaryzowanego liniowo. Jest to proces bezkontaktowy, więc eliminuje on większość wymienionych wcześniej wad rubbingu. Ponadto umożliwia pracę na plastycznych oraz zakrzywionych podłożach. Istnieją cztery różne drogi realizacji procesu fotoporządkowania warstwy światłoczułych materiałów organicznych: 1) fotodegradacja w materiałach poliimidowych, 2) izomeryzacja cis-trans azozwiązków, 3) czysta reorientacja związków azowych w polu potencjału światła UV oraz 4) sieciowanie w strukturze polimerowej. W pracy przedstawiono krytyczny przegląd wyżej wymienionych metod. Zastosowanie fotoporządkowania badane jest pod kątem przydatności w komórkach działających w oparciu między innymi o efekty: FLC (ang. ferroelectric liquid crystal, ciekły kryształ ferroelektryczny), TN (ang. twisted nematic, skręcony nematyk), BTN (ang. bistable twisted nematic, bistabilny skręcony nematyk), VAN (ang. vertical alignment nematic, pionowa deformacja fazy nematycznej), IPS (ang. in plane switching, przełączanie w płaszczyźnie) i inne. Celem poniższej pracy jest porównanie i określenie przydatności różnych metod fotoporządkowania dla technologii przetworników ciekłokrystalicznych o dużej jasności zobrazowania.
EN
In this study we consider the topic of the photoalignment of liquid crystal material. It is an alternative method to the rubbing of polyimide and polyamide layers. Both techniques provide the anisotropy in organic layers. This anisotropy aligns overlaying liquid crystal. The rubbing is a well known and cheap technique and it's ordinarily used in liquid crystal displays manufacturing. However, it has several disadvantages, for example it produces dust particles and charges the layer. Furthermore it may damage the surface electronic. These drawbacks can be critical factors in working with thin liquid crystal layers (about 2-5 µm) for example ferroelectric and antiferroelectric Lcs. Heterogeneity at the microscopic level can be noxious especially in the area of some types of liquid crystals and in manufacturing high-resolution liquid crystal displays (over 40”) and state-of-art projector display systems. In order to omit these problems, very important for the future work is to develop a new, universal and high-performance, technique for liquid crystal aligning. One of alternatives is photoalignment. It eliminates many of drawbacks mentioned above. This technique uses light (generally linearly polarized ultraviolet light, LPUV) to produce anisotropy in photodephiniable materials. In addition this technique allows us to obtain layers on plastic or curve surfaces. We can distinguish four main photoalignment mechanisms (including photo-chemical reactions and photo-physical changes): (1) cis-trans isomerization in azo-structures: pure dyes films, polymers containing azo-groups and monolayers of azodyes, (2) pure reorientation of photo-chemically stable azo-dyes molecules, (3) photodegradation in polyimide materials and (4) crosslinking in cinnamoyl and coumarin side-chain polymers. There are some modifications among these procedures, such as polymerizable azo-dyes or Langmuir-Blodgett films. Photoalignment is investigated in diverse liquid crystal modes, such as: twisted nematic (TN), vertical alignment (VAN), in plane switching (IPS) and many others. In this paper we describe all of the photoalignment mechanisms mentioned above and compare their ability to align the liquid crystal material in the field of application in various modes of LC cells.
4
Content available remote Liquid crystal filter for polarization difference imaging
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Walczak A. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Wal R.
Opto-Electronics Review
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2004
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tom Vol. 12, No. 3
321-324
EN
The liquid crystal (LC) filters with hybrid, circular-planar, and circular-homeotropic alignments of the LC layer have been analysed in detail. The exploited alignment of the LC layer assures the uncommon polarizing properties of the filter. We manage to observe that transmissions in such a filter create an orthogonal set. This set may be joined with a spectral component of light by the unique way. It is exhibited in the presented work. We proved here that such an orthogonal set is created by means of light polarization as well as by means of the light wavelength. It has been shown that a liquid crystal which has a high birefringence improves sensitivity of transmission on the transmitted wavelength and polarization.
5
Content available remote Tuned liquid crystalline interferometer analysis by means of generalised Berreman matrix
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Walczak A. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Jaroszewicz L. , Marciniak P.
Opto-Electronics Review
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2002
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tom Vol. 10, No. 1
69-73
EN
The analysis of the tuned, liquid crystalline Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPTI) has been done by means of 4 x 4 matrix. Wide-ange incidence has been analysed in terms of Trollinger-Chipman correction for extraordinary wave. Results have been applied to determine constraints in design of the monochromatic tuned FPTI. Main features of the FPTI device and liquid crystal determining FPTI parameters has been described in detail. Special attention has been paid to dispersion of the LC' refraction indices as a factor of spectral FPFI' properties.
6
Content available remote Liquid crystal optical devices for light beam modulation and processing
88%
Kłosowicz S. J. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Jaroszewicz L. R. , Walczak A. , Dąbrowski R.
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
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1999
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tom Vol. 48, nr 4
75-86
EN
Several different constructions of liquid crystal light modulators are described. This includes devices using nematic and cholesteric devices, moreover polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. The possibility of an application of similar devices for different purposes is underlined. Examples of an application of those devices for fiber optics are presented.
PL
Opisano kilka różnych konstrukcji ciekłokrystalicznych modulatorów światła, wykorzystujących nematyczne i cholesteryczne ciekłe kryształy, a także kompozyty ciekłokrystaliczne typu PDLC. Podkreślono użyteczność podobnych konstrukcji do różnych zastosowań. Przedstawiono przykłady zastosowania tych urządzeń w optyce światłowodowej.
7
Content available remote Photoalignment - an alternative aligning technique for Liquid Crystal Displays
88%
Chrzanowski M. M. , Zieliński J. , Olifierczuk M. , Kędzierski J. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
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2011
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tom Vol. 48, nr 1
7--13
EN
Purpose: The main aim of this work is to present our investigation in the field of photoalignment. In this work we introduce useful photoalignment techniques and discuss in detail the results of photocrosslinking and photodegradation in photosensitive polymer materials. Design/methodology/approach: We describe the new procedure investigated in our laboratory for the following materials: HD-4100, HD-4110 and HD-8820 (DuPont Microsystems) as well as the characteristics obtained for the thin polyimide layers: optical homogeneity, thickness, surface tension. Findings: Polyimide layers obtained on the glass/ITO substrates which were irradiated using linearly polarised ultraviolet light show the aligning properties for liquid crystal layers. The proposed new technology is fairly fine to obtain 2-3 cm2 layers. Research limitations/implications: The liquid crystal material alignment quality is not perfect, but the works are still in progress. In the next step we will try to use silan-derivative adhesion promoters to lower the aligning layers thickness. This solution will probably also have a big influence on the aligning layers homogeneity. Practical implications: We discuss an alternative technique of the rubbing method for composition of liquid crystal displays. Liquid crystal displays are widely used for many industrial and commercial applications. Multimedia and graphics and medical-imaging systems require top quality images. Such an image can be obtained under the condition of good liquid crystal alignment. Rubbing is a method conventionally used for these purposes. Unfortunately this technique has some disadvantages that are particularly visible in new generation displays. The usage of photodephiniable materials opens the route to obtain an appropriate molecular tilt and controlled anchoring energy as well as preparing layers that are suitable to providing diversified optical axes in one liquid crystal cell. Originality/value: Agents investigated in the paper hasn’t been used as the alignment materials in liquid crystal cells preparation so far. The used technology as well as HD-4100, HD-8820 and HD-4110 materials are suitable as the alternative substances for common used aligning chemical substances and technologies.
8
Content available remote Optical data storage in LC cells
88%
Sutkowski M. , Grudniewski T. , Zmijan R. , Parka J. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E.
Opto-Electronics Review
|
2006
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tom Vol. 14, No. 4
335-337
EN
Liquid crystal devices as a medium for holograms storage have been investigated. Long term memory effects in LC cells have been observed. Experiments proved that certain combination of insulating alignment layers has a major influence on the long term memory effect. Optimal liquid crystal cell construction allows us to achieve sufficient diffraction efficiency to record holographic patterns and to develop a re-writable holographic medium. The configuration of PVK and polyimide layers in LC cell construction with specific LC mixture was tested. The method of permanent and re-writable recording of optical data (holographic pattern) onto LC cells was achieved. However, the method of erasing recorded data was realized but mechanisms of this phenomenon are not clearly understood yet.
9
Content available remote Nematic liquid crystal waveguide arrays
88%
Brzdąkiewicz K. A. , Karpierz M. A. , Fratalocchi A. , Assanto G. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E.
Opto-Electronics Review
|
2005
|
tom Vol. 13, No. 2
107-122
EN
We investigate linear and nonlinear light propagation in a voltage-tunable array of waveguide channels in undoped nematic liquid crystals. This novel geometry, based on a photonic structure with a periodic modulation of refractive index controlled by an electric field, offers a wealth of possibilities for the study of discrete optical phenomena. The structure, in conjunction with a giant, non-resonant and voltage-dependent reorientational nonlinearity, allows us to drive the system from bulk diffraction to discrete propagation. Theoretical and experimental investigations, carried out with near infrared light wavelength and powers of a few milliWatts, show the possibility of transverse light localization, resulting in discrete spatial solitons. Such array, with its voltage- and light-adjustable guided-wave confinement and coupling, exhibits potentials for the realization of multifunctional routers and all-optical signal processors with nematic liquid crystals.
10
Content available remote Electrically tunable long-period fiber gratings with low-birefringence liquid crystal near the turn-around point
75%
Czapla A. , Bock W. J. , Woliński T. R. , Mikulic P. , Dąbrowski R. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E.
Opto-Electronics Review
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2017
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tom Vol. 25, No. 4
290--295
EN
In this work, an electrically tunable long-period fiber grating (LPFG) coated with liquid crystal layer (LC) is presented. As a LC layer, a prototype low-birefringence 1550A LC mixture was chosen. As a LPFG host, two types of gratings were studied: the LPFGs based on a standard telecommunication fiber, produced by an electric arc technique with a period of 222 µm, and the LPFGs based on a boron co-doped fiber written by a UV technique with a period of 226.8 µm. The relatively short period of these gratings allowed exploiting unique sensing properties of the attenuation bands associated with modes close to the turn-around point. Experiments carried out showed that for the UV-induced LPFG with a LC layer, on the powered state the attenuation band could be offset from the attenuation band measured in the unpowered state by almost130 nm. When the arc-induced LPFG was coated with the LC, the depth of the attenuation band could be efficiently controlled by applying an external E-field. Additionally, all experimental results obtained in this work were supported by the theoretical analysis based on a model developed with Optigrating v.4.2 software.
11
Content available remote Polarization difference image analysis with LC filter
75%
Sutkowski M. , Garbat P. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Walczak A. , Parka J. , Woźnicki J.
Opto-Electronics Review
|
2009
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tom Vol. 17, No. 1
53-58
EN
Image analysis using polarizing methods allows removing the polarized light component from recorded images. This is known as polarization difference imaging (PDI). The use of liquid crystals (LC) in PDI was proposed in 2002. Modified LC unit with a properly oriented LC layer was proposed by the authors. The main parameters which characterize an imaging system, employing a circular LC filter, were determined and presented in previous papers. In this work, the basics of the circular LC filter construction and theory are presented. Two application configurations of PDI imaging systems are shown. Experimental results of image processing based on object's polarization properties are discussed.
12
Content available remote Light propagation in highly birefringent photonic liquid crystal fibers
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Ertman S. , Czapla A. , Woliński T. R. , Nasiłowski T. , Thienpont H. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Dąbrowski R.
Opto-Electronics Review
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2009
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tom Vol. 17, No. 2
150-155
EN
Photonic liquid crystal fibers have already been demonstrated as a promising perspective for creation of new classes of dynamically tunable optical fiber devices. By combining different geometries of photonic crystal fibers with a variety of different liquid crystals it is possible to obtain a new generation of fibers with dynamically tunable properties, e.g., transmission spectra, attenuation or dispersion. In this paper, tunable birefringence in a commercially available highly birefringent Blazephotonics PM-1550-01 photonic crystal fiber selectively filled with a low birefringence liquid crystal has been experimentally demonstrated. Theses experimental results have been compared with simulations based on the multipole method.
13
Content available remote Photonic liquid crystal fibers : a new challenge for fiber optics and liquid crystals photonics
63%
Woliński T. R. , Ertman S. , Lesiak P. , Domański A. W. , Czapla A. , Dąbrowski R. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Wójcik J.
Opto-Electronics Review
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2006
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tom Vol. 14, No. 4
329-334
EN
The paper reviews and discusses the latest developments in the field of the photonic liquid crystal fibers that have occurred for the last three years in view of new challenges for both fiber optics and liquid crystal photonics. In particular, we present the latest experimental results on electrically induced birefringence in photonic liquid crystal fibers and discuss possibilities and directions of future developments.
14
Content available remote Propagation properties of photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals
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Woliński T. R. , Szaniawska K. , Bondarczuk K. , Lesiak P. , Domański A. W. , Dąbrowski R. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Wójcik J.
Opto-Electronics Review
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2005
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tom Vol. 13, No. 2
177-182
EN
The paper presents the latest experimental results on propagation properties of a photonic crystal fiber infilled with a nematic liquid crystal characterized by either extremely low (of the order of ~0.05) or relatively high (of the order of ~0.3) material birefringence. The nematic liquid crystal was introduced into the micro holes of the photonic crystal fiber by the capillary effect. Due to anisotropic properties of the obtained photonic liquid-crystal fiber, guiding mechanism that has to be attributed to the photonic band gap effect has been demonstrated.
15
Fotoniczne światłowody ciekłokrystaliczne jako całkowicie światłowodowe układy czujnikowe
63%
Woliński T. , Chychłowski M. , Czapla A. , Dąbrowski R. , Domański A. W. , Ertman S. , Godyń K. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Tefelska M. , Wójcik J.
Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania
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2008
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tom Vol. 49, nr 6
199-200
PL
W pracy przedstawiono najnowsze wyniki badań nad ciekłokrystalicznymi światłowodami fotonicznymi pod wpływem zewnętrznych oddziaływań, takich jak temperatura, pole elektryczne i ciśnienie hydrostatyczne. Zaprezentowano również potencjalne możliwości zastosowania ciekłokrystalicznych światłowodów fotonicznych do budowy wieloparametrowych czujników nowej generacji.
EN
In this paper latest research activities on photonic liquid crystal fibers under the influence of external fields such as temperature, electric field and hydrostatic pressure were presented. Potential application possibilities of the photonic liquid crystal fibers to multi-parameter sensing are also discussed.
16
Content available remote Liquid crystal cell for space-borne laser rangefinder to space mission applications
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Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Jaroszewicz L. , Raszewski Z. , Soms L. , Piecek W. , Perkowski P. , Kędzierski J. , Dąbrowski R. , Olifierczuk M. , Garbat K. , Miszczyk E.
Opto-Electronics Review
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2012
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tom Vol. 20, No. 4
315-322
EN
Liquid crystal cell (LCC) for space-borne laser rangefinder to space mission applications was developed, manufactured and tested under cooperation between Military University of Technology (MUT) in Poland and Vavilov State Optical Institute (Vavilov SOI) in Russia. LCC operates in twisted nematic mode, commutating the polarization plane of a laser beam working at 1.064 µm and the energy density not smaller than 0,15 J/cm² at the pulse duration about 8 ns. The transmission of LCC is not smaller than 95% at the aperture diameter not less than 15 mm. Switching on and switching off times in a 2.5-µm thick LCC driven by voltage of 10 V are not larger than 0.7 ms and 7 ms, respectively, in the operating temperature range from 20°C to 40°C. The LCCs developed in MUT were positively tested under space requirements in Vavilov SOI.
17
Content available remote Transparent laser damage resistant nematic liquid crystal cell “LCNP3”
51%
Raszewski Z. , Piecek W. , Jaroszewicz L. , Dąbrowski R. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Soms L. , Olifierczuk M. , Kędzierski J. , Morawiak P. , Mazur R. , Miszczyk E. , Mrukiewicz M. , Kowiorski K.
Opto-Electronics Review
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2014
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tom Vol. 22, No. 3
196-200
EN
There exists the problem in diagnostics of dense plasma (so-called Thomson diagnostics). For this purpose the plasma is illuminated by series of high energy laser pulses. The energy of each separate pulse is as large as 3 J, so it is impossible to generate a burst of such pulses by a single laser. In this situation, the pulses are generated by several independent lasers operating sequentially, and these pulses are to be directed along the same optical path. To form an optical path with ʎ = 1.064 μm and absolute value of the laser pulse energy of 3 J, a special refractive index matched twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cell of type LCNP3, with switching on time ƮON smaller than 3 μs was applied.
18
Content available remote Refractive index matched half-wave plate with a nematic liquid crystal for three-dimensional laser metrology applications
51%
Piecek W. , Jaroszewicz L. R. , Miszczyk E. , Raszewski Z. , Mrukiewicz M. , Perkowski P. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Zieliński J. , Olifierczuk M. , Kędzierski J. , Sun X. W. , Garbat K. , Kowiorski K. , Morawiak P. , Mazur R. , Tkaczyk J.
Opto-Electronics Review
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2016
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tom Vol. 24, No. 4
169--182
EN
There exists a need in a quality and accuracy of a three-dimensional laser metrology operating in numerically controlled automatic machines. For this purpose, one sends three laser beams mutually perpendicular. These three beams of the wavelength λ = 0.6328 μm are generated by the same laser and are directed along three independent, orthogonal, mutually perpendicular, optical paths with a given light polarization plain. Using these beams, constituting the frame of coordinates, three independent laser rangefinders are able to determine spatial coordinates of a working tool or a work piece. To form these optical pulses, a special refractive index matched Half-Wave Plate with nematic Liquid Crystal (LCHWP) was applied. The presented half-wave plate is based on a single Twisted Nematic (TN) cell (with the twist angle φ = π/2) of a rather high cell gap d ~15 μm filled with a newly developed High-Birefringence Nematic Liquid Crystal Mixture (HBLCM) of optical anisotropy as high as ∆n ~0.40 at λ = 0.6328 μm, where the Mauguin limit above 5.00 ~ ∆nd >> λ/2 = 0.32 is fulfilled.
19
Content available remote Measurement of elastic constants of nematic liquid crystals with use of hybrid in-plane-switched cell
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Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Kędzierski J. , Raszewski Z. , Jaroszewicz L. , Kojdecki M. A. , Piecek W. , Perkowski P. , Olifierczuk M. , Miszczyk E. , Ogrosnik K. , Morawiak P.
Opto-Electronics Review
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2012
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tom Vol. 20, No. 3
255-259
EN
A new method for quick and pretty accurate measurements of splay, twist and bend elastic constants of nematic liquid crystals is experimentally verified. The main concept relies on exploiting only the electric field and determining magnitudes of nematic elastic constants from threshold fields for Freedericksz transitions in only one hybrid in-plane-switched cell. In such cell the deformations of an investigated liquid crystal are controlled by three separated pairs of electrodes confining measurement domains. In two of them inter-digital electrodes are mounted on one cell cover. Splay, twist and bend elastic constants can be measured by a proper choice of electrodes' configuration together with orienting cover coatings (without applying magnetic fields). In this paper, we describe layout of our cells and results of experimental tests by using different liquid crystals: 5CB and 6CHBT (with positive dielectric anisotropy), Demus' esters (with negative dielectric anisotropy) and new liquid crystals mixtures produced in our university.
20
Content available remote High birefringence liquid crystal mixtures for electro-optical devices
51%
Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Kędzierski J. , Raszewski Z. , Jaroszewicz L. , Kojdecki M. , Piecek W. , Perkowski P. , Garbat K. , Olifierczuk M. , Sutkowski M. , Ogrodnik K. , Morowiak P. , Miszczyk E.
Optica Applicata
|
2012
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tom Vol. 42, nr 1
167--180
EN
High-birefringence nematic liquid crystals recently developed in the Military University of Technology (Poland) are examined for selected physical properties. In particular, for six liquid crystal mixtures there were determined: two components of dielectric permittivity for voltage frequencies in the range from 10 Hz to 10 MHz; rotational viscosity; splay, twist and bend elastic constants; ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices for light wavelengths in the range from 0.3 ?m to 1.6 ?m. The properties are discussed in terms of applicability of the new liquid crystals to electro-optical devices.
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