Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Z rozwazan nad rola samorzadu terytorialnego

100%

Lang J.

Człowiek i Środowisko

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1992

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tom 16

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nr 1-2

15-22

PL

Rola samorządu terytorialnego ulegała w ostatnich stuleciach diametralnym zmianom. Na przykład w Konstytucji Francuskiej z 1789 r. widziano w gminie organizm odrębny od państwa, oparty na własnej egzystencji, mający prawo do sprawowania administracji lokalnej i stanowiący osobę prawa publicznego. Po czterech latach gmina stanowiła już tylko zwykły okręg administracji państwowej, z mianowanym merem i radę gminną, podporządkowanych prefektowi. Współcześnie przeciwstawianie samorządu terytorialnego państwu jest nie tyle wyrazem koncepcji wolnej gminy okresu wielkiej rewolucji francuskiej, co następstwem widzenia w państwie głównie administracji. W rzeczywistości samorząd terytorialny we współczesnej Polsce jest zarówno samoistną organizacją publiczną, jak też formą wykonywania administracji państwowej. Jest on również formą wykonywania władzy państwowej (sic). Tworząc samorząd terytorialny ustawy powierzyły mu bowiem nie tylko wykonywanie zadań publicznych, lecz także ich wyznaczanie w trybie i na zasadach podobnych do stosowanych w sejmie oraz przy pomocy tych samych form prawnych budżetu, programu społeczno-gospodarczego i przepisów prawnych. Państwo, mimo uczynienia z gmin podstawowej formy organizacji życia publicznego nadal jest odpowiedzialne za to co dzieje się w ich obrębie.

EN

Over the recent centuries, local government was thought to have a variety of roles in the state system. In extreme cases, its full separateness from state was even declared. This is also the trend to be found today in Poland. Largely prevailing are the opinions as to local government and state being opposed to each other. What is ussually quoted as the foundation of that separateness is the legal personality acquired by the commune, its acting in its own name, and responsibility for the public tasks with which it is charged. Yet the fact is ignored that authorities of the commune which is the basic and so far the only body of local government - act on the grounds of and within the scope outlined by laws; are subject to supervision on part of state agencies; and use the same means and methods as the other state agencies. For this reason, local government should be considered, on the one hand, the basic form of performance of public tasks in the commune and on the other hand, the way of decentralization and deconcentration of state administration and also decentralization of state authority. Creating local government, the Constitution and statutes charged it not only with performance but also with the setting of public tasks; this is to be done according to the procedure and principles similar to those followed by the Diet, and with the use of the same means: the budget, the socio-economic program, and the generally valid principles.

2

Series representation of compact linear operators in Banach spaces

63%

Edmunds D. , Lang J.

Commentationes Mathematicae

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2016

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tom Vol 56, No. 1

17--27

EN

Let p∈(1,∞) and I=(0,1); suppose that T:Lp(I)→Lp(I) is a~compact linear map with trivial kernel and range dense in Lp(I). It is shown that if the Gelfand numbers of T decay sufficiently quickly, then the action of T is given by a series with calculable coefficients. The special properties of Lp(I) enable this to be established under weaker conditions on the Gelfand numbers than in earlier work set in the context of more general spaces.

3

Comparing the effects of different exogenous hormone combinations on seed-derived callus induction in Nicotiana tabacum

45%

Lang J. , Pankowski J. , Grabarz P. , Plucinski B. , Jedynak P.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2020

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tom 67

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nr 4

4

Inż. Włodzimierz Nadański

32%

Lang J.

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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1989

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tom 61

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nr 09

5

Molecular biogeography of red deer Cervus elaphus from eastern Europe: insights from mitochondrial DNA sequences

26%

Niedzialkowska M. , Jedrzejewska B. , Honnen A.-C. , Otto T. , Sidorovich V. E. , Perzanowski K. , Skog A. , Hartl G. B. , Borowik T. , Bunevich A. N. , Lang J. , Zachos F. E.

Acta Theriologica

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2011

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tom 56

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nr 1

EN

European red deer are known to show a conspicuous phylogeographic pattern with three distinct mtDNA lineages (western, eastern and North-African/Sardinian). The western lineage, believed to be indicative of a southwestern glacial refuge in Iberia and southern France, nowadays covers large areas of the continent including the British Isles, Scandinavia and parts of central Europe, while the eastern lineage is primarily found in southeast-central Europe, the Carpathians and the Balkans. However, large parts of central Europe and the whole northeast of the continent were not covered by previous analyses. To close this gap, we produced mtDNA control region sequences from more than 500 red deer from Denmark, Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and western Russia and combined our data with sequences available from earlier studies to an overall sample size of almost 1,100. Our results show that the western lineage extends far into the European east and is prominent in all eastern countries except for the Polish Carpathians, Ukraine and Russia where only eastern haplotypes occurred. While the latter may actually reflect the natural northward expansion of the eastern lineage after the last ice age, the present distribution of the western lineage in eastern Europe may in large parts be artificial and a result of translocations and reintroduction of red deer into areas where the species became extinct in historical times.

6

A water-soluble [60]fullerene-derivative stimulates chlorophyll accumulation and has no toxic effect on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

26%

Lang J. , Melnykova M. , Catania M. , Inglot A. , Zyss A. , Mikruta K. , Firgolska D. , Wieremiejczuk A. , Ksiazek I. , Serda M. , Nalepa P. , Plucinski B. , Giza A. , Jedynak P.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2019

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tom 66

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nr 3