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2 Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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Evaluation of forest fire risk with GIS

100%

Sivrikaya F. , Saglam B. , Akay A. E. , Bozali N.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

2014

tom 23

nr 1

This paper uses GIS to describe and evaluate forest fire risk considering the most important factors affecting fire behavior at fine scales. The study was implemented in Yeşilova Forestry Enterprise in the Mediterranean city of Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. To determine an overall fire risk index for the study area, fire risk rating (extreme, high, moderate, or low) was assigned to decision variables (i.e. species composition, stand development stage, stand crown closure, slope, insolation, settlements, and roads) according to their risk potentials. Additionally, the visibility analysis of fire towers was carried out for monitoring of forests in the case study area. Finally, visibility analysis and a forest fire risk map were evaluated together for determining the efficiency of fire towers. Results indicated that more than half of the total forested area (65.7%) was classified as low category in the fire risk map. According to visibility analysis, the existing fire tower was able to monitor only 37% of forest areas; therefore, it was essential to consider new fire towers for monitoring the overall study area. After locating a potential new fire tower in the study area, it was found that about 71.8% of the area was with the visible zones of two fire towers.

The impacts of ground-based logging equipment on forest soil

100%

Akay A. E. , Yuksel A. , Reis M. , Tutus A.

nr 3

371-376

Skidding logs from stump to landing areas is one of the most important procedures in ground-based logging operations. Rubber-tired skidders often increase soil compaction, which leads to an increase in soil strength (penetrometer resistance) and bulk density (dry soil weight per volume). Woody slash materials (tree limbs and tops) are generally distributed over the skid trails to reduce soil compaction due to machine traffic. In this study, soil compaction was estimated by measuring the values of soil strength and bulk density resulting from a rubber-tired skidder. The effects of not only woody slash materials but also various other slash treatments (chip and sawdust) in reducing soil compaction were investigated by considering the various numbers of vehicle trips (1, 5, and 10 trips) and two soil depth classes (10 and 20 cm depths). The results indicated that soil compaction indicators, soil strength and bulk density, markedly increased as the number of machine trips increased. Woody slash materials distributed over the skid trail provided better soil support capacity than that of other slash treatments. It was also found that there was a significant correlation between soil strength and bulk density with respect to the number of machine trips and slash treatments.