Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Miasta prywatne Kijowszczyzny w XVI i pierwszej połowie XVII w.: specyfika rozwoju i funkcjonowania

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Biłous N.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2016

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tom 77

PL

XVI w. i pierwsza połowa XVII w. to okres dynamicznego rozwoju sieci miejskiej w województwie kijowskim. Ważną cezurą w nasileniu tego procesu było zawarcie unii lubelskiej w 1569 r. W artykule omówiono dotychczasowe ustalenia dotyczące liczby miast. Według przeprowadzonych badań przed 1648 r. istniało tam 328 miast prywatnych, w tym 20 w dobrach kościelnych. Przedstawiono również funkcje miast Kijowszczyzny oraz specyfikę ich rozwoju jako ośrodków pogranicznych.

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Służby miejskie na ratuszu w miastach Wołynia w XVI–XVII w.

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Biłous N.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2015

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tom 75

PL

Town halls in the cities of the Wołyń region in the modern era (Summary)The article presents source material on town halls found in the towns of the Wołyń region. The first references to the town halls in question date back to the sixties of the sixteenth century. Prior to their appearance the meetings of the judicial authorities were held in the Mayor’s house which, in the seventeenth century, was the second most important public building in the town. As such, it served as a courtroom hosting jury trials. Town halls in the Wołyń region were made of wood, and it was not until the latter half of the seventeenth century that town halls made of brick or stone began to appear. However, these buildings did not even survive until the eighteenth century, and, unfortunately, no image of these edifices is preserved today. The way in which the towns of the region functioned was significantly affected by a group of men remaining in the service of the municipal authorities. Among the latter, to whom references are made in our sources, are: the servants of mayors and deputy mayors, the town crier, the executioner, night watchmen, town hall guardians and town guards. In addition to having underdeveloped municipal services, the towns of the region in question were administered along less complex lines than those following the administration of the other towns of the Old Poland, which can be taken to indicate the underdevelopment of both their municipal economies and their self-government as well. However, there can be no doubt that in employing town servants municipal authorities in the region, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, took into consideration the financial possibilities of the town budget.

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Testamenty mieszczan miasta Ołyki z lat 1660-1670

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Biłous N.

Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 3-4

346-362

EN

The town of Ołyka was part of the Nieśwież entail of the Radziwiłł family, ruled by Duke Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł (1625-1680), son of Ludwik Radziwiłł and Tekla Wołłowicz. After the end of the Cossack wars in the years 1660-1679 Ołyka experienced economic boom, but a great fire in 1679 and a Swedish attack in 1702 led to the town’s decline. Most of the town archives were destroyed by the fire of the town hall in 1870; a few surviving registers are now kept in the Central State Archive of Ukraine in Kiev (collection no. 1237). The article is based on 47 testaments from the years 1660-1670 recorded in register no. 7 and on several burgher probate inventories from the same register. All the texts are in Polish; they have never been published or used by researchers. The testators include representatives of the middle class as well as of the town élite. 32 testaments were drawn up by men and 15 by women. 25 of the testators were Uniats, 11 were Catholics and 11 belonged to the Orthodox Church. The collection of sources that was examined for the purposes of this article sheds light on various aspects of social life in one of the major towns of Volhynia. They reflect burghers’ financial condition, business activities, social status and family connections. The major aim of making testaments was to prevent conflicts between inheritors. Other reasons included: 1) the wish to provide for the spouse when the testator was childless, 2) the wish to safeguard children, grandchildren or other relatives, 3) the intention to bequeath money to religious and charitable institutions. Testaments were usually written at home. Sometimes the testator appointed a person (usually the spouse, a child or a friend) to take care of the funeral. The place of burial was often specified, as was the sum allocated for the funeral. Catholic burghers, who mostly lived in the centre of the town, were usually buried at the old cemetery next to St Peter’s church; richer burghers were buried next to the Holy Trinity collegiate church. Uniats, who lived in the “middle town” and in the Zawrocie suburb, were buried at the cemetery next to the Holy Trinity Uniate church, while members of the Orthodox Church, residing in the Zalasocze suburb, had their two local churches with cemeteries. The largest sums for the funeral and charitable legacies were left by Catholics. In their major features and formulations testaments from Ołyka did not differ much from last wills from other parts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, although they often omitted the conventional opening and closing formulae. Sanctio is rarely found in them; at the end there is usually a corroboratio, i.e. the testator’s confirmation of the witnesses. Testament instructions concerned primarily the testator’s soul and body, and secondly the property. The most important part of property were certainly immovables; movables are mentioned in only half of the testaments examined. The most frequently bequeathed movable property was livestock, with garments closely following.