Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Analiza psychologiczna ustosunkowania osób dorosłych wobec penalizacji wybranych przestępstw pod kątem właściwości społeczno-demograficznych i poziomu empatii

100%

Sygit-Kowalkowska E. , Kraszkiewicz K.

|

tom 24

171-194

PL

Postawy społeczne wobec karalności za wybrane przestępstwa są tematem licznych badań. Wskazują one jasno na określone ustosunkowanie obywateli wobec wymiaru kary, z punktu widzenia ich zasadności i sprawiedliwości. Niniejsze badanie miało na celu przeanalizowanie pod kątem psychologicznym współzależności między zmiennymi o charakterze demograficznym, społecznym i emocjonalnym a ustosunkowaniem wobec penalizacji wybranych przestępstw. Wyniki pokazały, że kobiety mają średnio wyższe nasilenie stopnia empatii, ogólnie częściej postawę rygorystyczną, w tym za przestępstwo dzieciobójstwa. Osoby o najwyższych średnich wynikach w teście Kwestionariusza Rozumienia Empatycznego, prezentowały średnio częściej postawę bardziej rygorystyczną, niż jest to przewidziane w prawie karnym. Pewne kategorie przestępstw: 1) gwałtu ze szczególnym okrucieństwem, 2) zabójstwa ze szczególnym okrucieństwem, 3) propagowania lub pochwalania zachowań pedofilskich, 4) przymuszania do prostytucji, jednogłośnie zostały ocenione jako niezasługujące na łagodniejszy niż przewidywany, wymiar kary. Istnieje potrzeba dalszych analiz, które wskazywałyby, w jaki sposób cechy indywidualne człowieka decydują o wyborze kary w obliczu oceny czyjegoś bezprawnego zachowania.

EN

There is a bulk of research on social attitudes to the penalization of selected crimes. Studies clearly show that citizens tend to adopt a specific attitude to penalties, which is conditioned by their appropriateness and fairness. The aim of our study was to analyze, in psychological terms, the relation between demographic, social and emotional variables and the attitude adopted towards the incrimination of some illegal acts. The results show generally higher empathy levels and stricter attitudes among women, especially to infanticide. Individuals with the highest average results in the EUQ (Empathic Understanding Questionnaire) displayed on average a more rigorous attitude than the one specified by the criminal code. For certain categories of crimes, such as: 1) rape with extreme cruelty; 2) murder with extreme cruelty; 3) dissemination and welcome of pedophile activity; and 4) forced prostitution, there was a unanimous agreement that penalties should not be less than those already set forth in legislation. There is a need for further analyses to demonstrate how the individual’s specific characteristic may influence their choice of penalty when faced with the task of assessing an illegal behavior.

2

Predicting the Role of Personality Traits, Organizational Factors, and Strategies for Coping with Stress in Job Satisfaction in Correctional Services

80%

Sygit-Kowalkowska E. , Poklek R. , Pastwa-Wojciechowska B.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2019

|

tom 50

|

nr 3

275-283

EN

Correctional staff is particularly exposed to occupational stress which in turn can have a negative impact on their job performance. This study attempted to analyse the role of personality, organizational factors, and stress coping strategies in shaping job satisfaction. 163 correctional staff members who were being trained at the Central Training Centre of Correctional Services in Kalisz, Poland, participated in the study. The following tools were used: The Bochum Inventory of Personal Work Features (BIP), the Multiphasic Inventory for Measuring Coping (COPE), and the Satisfaction with Job Scale (SSP). Staff working directly with inmates scored the lowest in terms of job satisfaction. Social sensibility is a predictor of job satisfaction among each study subgroup and each correctional department and correctional staff as a whole. Correlates of job satisfaction among correctional officers were: Active coping with stressful situations and Seeking social support for emotional and instrumental reasons.

3

Work for the Prison Service: selected health consequences – investigating the role of personal resources, job demands, work stress, and burnout

80%

Sygit-Kowalkowska E. , Orlak K. , Stolarski M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2023

|

tom 36

|

nr 6

744-760

EN

Objectives The specific job demands of the Prison Service (PS) may affect the health of officers. The job demands-resources model (JD-R) model was used to design a survey of the consequences of working subject to particular job demands. The aim was to gain an insight into the relationship between job demands, personal resources, occupational stress and burnout and selected health consequence indicators (such as behaviors associated with the consumption of alcohol, stress symptoms). Material and Methods A total of 1732 PS officers in Poland were surveyed. The following tools were used as part of the survey: the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II), the Multidimensional Inventory for Assessing Coping Responses (COPE), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and a form with a respondent’s particulars. Path analysis using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was performed. Results The assumed hypotheses were partially confirmed by the results. Out of 4 job demands categories only work pace turned out not to be a significant predictor of burnout and stress. For alcohol related behaviors, stress level was the only significant predictor, both as a direct and indirect effect taking into account job demands. It transpired that support from superiors rather than support from colleagues or self-efficacy was a significant moderator in the emotional demands – stress relationship. Limitations of the study and perspectives for its continuation are also presented herein. Conclusions Based on the obtained results it may be concluded that job demands and support from superiors do have an impact on stress in the PS group. This is also consistent with available reports in literature. At the same time stress is a significant predictor of alcohol related behaviors. Coping through the use of psychoactive substances was not a significant factor in statistical analyses and it has still not been subject to sufficient scientific analysis.

4

Working with Socially Maladjusted Youths and Children With Developmental Disorders. Predictors and Correlations of Health Among Personnel in Youth Centres

61%

Szrajda J. , Sygit-Kowalkowska E. , Weber-Rajek M. , Tudorowska M. , Ziółkowski M. , Borkowska A.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

|

2019

|

tom 10

|

nr 1

155-169

EN

Abstract Background Representatives of helping professions who are working with socially maladjusted youths and children with developmental disorders are particularly exposed to occupational stress. The aim of the study was to evaluate mental and physical well-being, as well as their correlates and predictors in a group of employees working at youth educational centres and sociotherapy centres. Materials and Methods A total of 96 employees working at youth educational centres and sociotherapy centres took part in the study. The following psychometric tools were used: the Psychosocial Working Conditions Questionnaire, the Mini-COPE, the LOT-R, and the GSES. Results The results obtained indicate that people working in helping professions experience mental and physical health problems. Only 3% of the subjects declared they sleep all night. Over 40% and over 35% of the subjects estimate they suffer from low mood and irritation episodes, respectively, rather frequently or continually. Subjects with poorer mental health are more likely to use Helplessness, Avoidance behaviours, or Turning to religion to cope with stress. The strongest predictor of mental well-being is the sense of self-efficacy. Whereas, the strongest predictor of physical well-being is the ability to cope with stress by giving into the feeling of Helplessness. Conclusions The study demonstrated poor mental and physical well-being of the subjects. A statistically significant correlation was found between sex and the level of mental and physical health. Employees working at youth educational centres and sociotherapy centres with better mental and physical well-being had a stronger sense of self-efficacy and a higher level of life optimism.

5

The Big Five personality and temperamental traits and its correlation with styles of coping with stress in the fire brigade officers

51%

Szrajda J. , Tudorowska M. , Kujawski S. , Weber-Rajek M. , Sygit-Kowalkowska E. , Kobos Z. , Słomko J. , Tafil-Klawe M. , Zalewski P.

|

nr 2

163-173

EN

Abstract Selecting specific professional activities (e.g. a brigade officer) and methods for coping with difficult situations may result from personal predispositions of a given person. Personality is founded on the innate temperament. The way of dealing with stress depends on personality traits whose influence is manifested, amongst other things, in the selection of specific coping styles. The current study aim to examine the level of correlation between personality and temperamental traits with manifested coping styles. The study covered 58 volunteers – male fire brigade officers. The following tools were used: Personality Inventory, NEO-FFI, Formal Characteristics of Behaviour: Temperament Inventory – Revised Version, FCZ-KT (R) and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, CISS. Emotion-focused coping style for stressful situations correlates with the following traits: positively, with perseveration (r=0.5115) and with emotional reactivity (r=0.4927), and negatively, with briskness (r=-0.3926) and endurance (r=-0.5408). The task-oriented coping style for stressful situations correlates positively with extraversion (r=0.3236) and conscientiousness (r=0.3088), and negatively with neuroticism (r=-0.3368) in the NEO-FFI. The emotion-focused coping style for stressful situations is positively correlated with neuroticism (NEO-FFI) (r=0.4150). In fire brigade officers, As far as personality traits were concerned, fire brigade officers scored relatively high in extraversion, conscientiousness and low in neuroticism and were likely to demonstrate the task-oriented coping style for stressful situations. Lower level of perseveration and high level of briskness and endurance were associated with emotion-focused coping style for stressful situations. Similarly, the tendency to focus on emotions experienced in stressful situations were associated with high level of neuroticism in the study group.