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Transformations Between Different Models of Unranked Bottom-Up Tree Automata

100%

Piao X. , Salomaa K.

Fundamenta Informaticae

2011

tom Vol. 109, nr 4

405-424

We consider the representational state complexity of unranked tree automata. The bottomup computation of an unranked tree automaton may be either deterministic or nondeterministic, and further variants arise depending on whether the horizontal string languages defining the transitions are represented by a DFA or an NFA. Also, we consider for unranked tree automata the alternative syntactic definition of determinism introduced by Cristau et al. (FCT’05, LNCS 3623, pp. 68–79). We establish upper and lower bounds for the state complexity of conversions between different types of unranked tree automata

Effects of mismatches and insertions on discrimination accuracy of nucleic acid probes

70%

Piao X. , Sun L. , Zhang T. , Gan Y. , Guan Y.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

2008

tom 55

nr 4

713-720

Effective discrimination of non-complementary nucleotides is an important factor to ensure the accuracy of hybridization-based nucleic acid analyses. The current study investigates the effects of the chemical nature, the positions, the numbers, and the cooperative behavior of mismatches as well as insertions on 20-mer and 30-mer duplexes. We observed the hybridization stability trend affected by mismatches: G:T ≈ G:G > G:A > A:A ≈ T:T > A:C ≈ T:C > C:C. The experimental data show that mismatches at the center of the oligonucleotide probes have a more profound destabilizing effect on the hybridization stability than those at either ends. Insertions also demonstrate a similar destabilizing effect as mismatches. These results provide useful information for designing DNA microarray nucleotide probes and for improving the discrimination accuracy of hybridization-based detections.

Exposure assessment of a novel pesticide fufenozide in a dryland field ditch and pond

41%

Geng Y. , Li Q. , Piao X. , Ma L. , Ma J. , Jiang H. , Li C. , Ma X. , Song H. , Lin Y. , Li X.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

2014

tom 23

nr 1

A semi-field test was conducted to assess the risk of exposure to fufenozide in a ditch and pond adjacent to an agricultural area. To support the investigation, a fast, highly selective, and sensitive method was developed to determine the residue of fufenozide in water, sediment, and soil through high performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry. The recoveries were in the acceptable range of 85.6% to 99.3% in the three matrices, with the associated relative standard deviations at 1.2% to 7.8%. The results indicate that the surface water-sediment system could be exposed to fufenozide through runoff after application, which dissipated rapidly in the aquatic ecosystem. The toxicity exposure ratio showed no risk of fufenozide exposure to the fish in the aquatic ecosystem close to the agriculture field.