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PL
Laboratoria corocznie tworzą plany szkoleń, auditów wewnętrznych oraz badań biegłości i/lub porównań międzylaboratoryjnych. Niestety w wielu przypadkach nie są w stanie w 100% ich zrealizować. Istnieje kilka sposobów na przygotowanie planów, aby ich realizacja była możliwa. Jak to zrobić?
EN
Every year laboratories plan trainings, internal audits and proficiency testing (PT) and/or interlaboratory comparisons (ILC). However in most cases they are not able to realize the plans in 100%. There are a few ways to prepare the plans, the implementation of which is possible. How to do it?
EN
The article presents the means of Varroa destructor mite transmission as well as the host transfer from the Apis cerana to Apis mellifera bee. It presents a study on the genetic diversity of mites based on the variation of the cytochrome oxidase I (CO I) gene. The investigations resulted in establishing the latest taxonomy of the genus Varroa published in the article and consistent with the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The variation of the CO I gene facilitated determination of the haplotype types of mites occurring worldwide. The article describes the developmental cycle and biology of Varroa destructor mites and viruses transmitted by the mites, which pose a threat to bees and cause Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). The main methods of Varroa destructor mite control are presented.
EN
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal recessive diseases among Caucasians caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene. However, the clinical outcome of CF pulmonary disease varies remarkably even in patients with the same CFTR genotype. This has led to a search for genetic modifiers located outside the CFTR gene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of functional variants in prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase genes (COX1 and COX2) on the severity of lung disease in CF patients. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time when analysis of COX1 and COX2 as potential CF modifiers is provided. The study included 94 CF patients homozygous for F508del mutation of CFTR. To compare their' clinical condition, several parameters were recorded, e.g. a unique clinical score: disease severity status (DSS). To analyse the effect of non-CF7X genetic polymorphisms on the clinical course of CF patients, the whole coding region of COX 1 and selected COX2 polymorphisms were analysed. Statistical analysis of genotype-phenotvpe associations revealed a relationship between the heterozygosity status of identified polymorphisms and better lung function. These results mainly concern COX2 polymorphisms: -765G>C and 8473T>C. The COX1 and COX2 polymorphisms reducing COX protein levels had a positive effect on all analysed clinical parameters. This suggests an important role of these genes as protective modifiers of pulmonary disease in CF patients, due to inhibition of arachidonic acid conversion into prostaglandins, which probably reduces the inflammatory process.
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