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1

Prevalence, mean intensity of infestation and host specificity of Spinturnicidae mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in the Pantanal, Brazil

100%

Silva C. L. , Graciolli G.

Acta Parasitologica

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2013

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tom 58

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nr 2

EN

Acari ectoparasites were collected from bats during 12 months in the Rio Negro farm (19°34′22″S and 56°14′36″W), Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul. A total of 654 bats belonging to the families Phyllostomidae, Noctilionidae, Molossidae, Vespertilionidae and Emballonuridae were captured. Only 136 bats of nine genera and 11 species were parasitised. Periglischrus iheringi Oudemans was the most abundant mite species, and this prevalence may be related to the low degree of host specificity of this species and due to the broad geographical distribution of its hosts. The greatest mean intensity was found to Periglischrus torrealbai Machado-Allison on Phyllostomus discolor Wagner (Phyllostomidae) and Periglischrus tonatii Herrin and Tipton associated with Lophostoma silviculum d’Orbigny (Phyllostomidae), which also had the highest prevalence of infestation.

2

Specialization and modularity of a bat fly aAntagonistic ecological network in a dry tropical forest in northern Colombia

80%

Duran A. A. , Saldana-Vazquez R. A. , Graciolli G. , Peinado L. C.

Acta Chiropterologica

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2018

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tom 20

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nr 2

EN

Ecological networks represent the energy flow and interactions among the species of an ecological community. Streblidae is a family of bloodsucking flies specialized in parasitizing bats, thus forming an ecological network. The purpose of this study was to investigate the specialization and modularity of a bat fly antagonist ecological network in a tropical dry forest in northern Colombia. Bat hosts were sampled by using mist nets, while bat flies were collected directly from the hosts by using entomological forceps. The network was built with the Bipartite package from R software. The sampling effort resulted in 270 bat flies recorded on 45 host individuals. The network showed a high specialization (fi01_503.gif = 0.67) and a low connectance (C = 0.30). Paradyschiria parvuloides was the most specialized fly (d = 0.95). The interactions exhibited a high modularity (Q = 0.57), with five modules. This study confirms the high specialization between bats and Streblidae flies, which is influenced by factors such as fidelity to the refuge and habitat, and host abundance.

3

Bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae, Nycteribiidae) and mites (Acari) associated with bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in a high-altitude region in Southern Minas Gerais, Brazil

80%

Moras L. M. , Bernardi F. L. O. , Graciolli G. , Gregorian R.

Acta Parasitologica

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2013

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tom 58

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nr 4

EN

A total of 71 bat flies belonging to families Nycteribiidae and Streblidae, and 37 mites were collected on 12 species of bats (Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae) from the Chapada do Abanador (Minas Gerais, Brazil), between July 2009 and April 2010. Two new occurrences of ectoparasites were recorded on Histiotus velatus (bat fly Basilia producta) and on Carollia perspicillata (mite Parichoronyssus bakeri). Five new occurrences were recorded for the state of Minas Gerais, increasing the range for bat flies Anatrichobius passosi, Paraeuctenodes similis, Basilia juquiensis, Basilia producta and for mite Periglischrus vargasi. Moreover, two new species of mites were recorded for Brazil (P. bakeri and Macronyssus aff. leislerianus). With regard to infracommunities, the most frequent association was between Anastrebla modestini and Exastinion clovisi on bat Anoura geoffroyi. This study contributed to characterize the fauna of bat ectoparasites in representative but poorly-sampled environments of the Atlantic Forest, the campos de altitude (high altitude grasslands) and cloud forests of southern Minas Gerais.

4

Parasitism of ectoparasitic flies on bats in the Northern Brazilian cerrado

70%

Santos C. L. C. , Pereira A. C. N. , Bastos V. J. C. , Graciolli G. , Rebelo J. M. M.

Acta Parasitologica

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2013

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tom 58

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nr 2

EN

In this work we record the highest number of bat flies species among those already performed in the Brazilian cerrado and discuss the associations and patterns of parasitism of these species and their hosts. A total of 1,390 ectoparasitic flies were collected, belonging to 24 species of Streblidae and one of Nycteribiidae, parasitizing 227 bats of 15 species. Among the species found, the presence of Trichobius sp. on Lonchophylla mordax and the first occurrence of Hershkovitzia sp. on Thyroptera devivoi are highlighted. Lophostoma species presented the highest proportion of individuals with infracommunities and the highest values of parasitological indexes. The high number of bat fly species and hosts, as well as the high values for rates of parasitism and infracommunities, suggests that this area of cerrado has good shelter conditions for these species. The abundance of species and high rates of parasitism detracts from the hypothesis that a higher mean intensity of ectoparasites results from lower competition among flies for hosts in areas with lower ectoparasite species richness. Biogeographical and historical factors of host populations, besides the number of host species and individuals sampled, may contribute to species number and intensity of parasitism.

5

Bat flies from the deciduous Atlantic Forest in Southern Brazil: Host-parasite relationships and parasitism rates

70%

Camilotti V. L. , Graciolli G. , Weber M. M. , Arruda J. L. S. , Caceres N. C.

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tom 55

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nr 2

194-200

EN

This study describes the assemblage of ectoparasitic bat flies, their hosts, and parasitism rates in an Atlantic Forest area in southern Brazil. Bats were captured monthly for one year at two sites. We captured 95 bats belonging to nine species, but only Artibeus lituratus, Artibeus fimbriatus, Sturnira lilium (Phyllostomidae) and Myotis nigricans (Vespertilionidae) were found to be parasitized. The bat flies collected were: Streblidae — Paratrichobius longicrus (on A. lituratus) and Megistopoda aranea (on A. lituratus and A. fimbriatus), Megistopoda proxima (on S. lilium); Nycteribiidae — Basilia andersoni (on M. nigricans). Artibeus fimbriatus and S. lilium showed the highest values of parasite prevalence (60 and 35.7%, respectively) and mean intensities (1.9 and 2.1, respectively). Only two parasitized individuals of A. lituratus were found, resulting in the lowest local rate of parasite prevalence (2.6%) and mean intensity (1.0). This low rate may result from the use of ephemeral roosts in the area. The high values of frequency and number of flies per host on A. fimbriatus and S. lilium in relation to other studies could be explained by the low richness of bat flies here, and in turn, by low competition among fly species per host.

6

Parasitism of bat flies (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) on bats in urban environments: lower prevalence, infracommunities, and specificity

70%

Urbieta G. L. , Torres J. M. , Carvalho Dos Anjos E. A. , Espinola Carvalho C. M. , Graciolli G.

Acta Chiropterologica

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2018

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tom 20

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nr 2

EN

Studies involving parasitism between ectoparasitic flies and bats are scarce for urban environments, which makes it difficult to find association patterns in these altered environments. Herein, we describe the bat flies community, and estimate the prevalence, mean intensity of infestation, infracommunities, and specificity of bat fliesassociations in urban remnants of Cerrado. We collected 371 bat flies of 14 species and 944 bats of 17 species. The most abundant species of bats were Artibeus planirostris (n = 312), Artibeus lituratus (n = 197), Carollia perspicillata (n = 124) and Platyrrhinus lineatus (n = 110). Regarding bat flies, Megistopoda aranea (n = 148) and Trichobius joblingi (n = 118) were the most abundant. The prevalence of bat flies ranged from 0.3 to 43.5% and the mean infestation intensity from 1 to 12 (mean general of 2.04). We found 16 bat flies infracommunities on the most representative hosts (n > 30). Concerning specificity, 71% of bat flies were associated with a single host species (monoxenic). Our results indicate that bats were most parasitized by a single bat flies species, and prevalence and specificity between bat flies and bats were lower in these urban environments.