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EN
An efficient plant micropropagation system was established using shoot tips and stem segments of Lithospermum canescens and Onosma paniculatum (Boraginaceae). A high frequency of axillary shoot formation was achieved on LS [15] medium with 0.5 mg/1 kinetin and 2.0 mg/1 BAP (average shoot formation per explant was 6.18 ± 1.89 for L. canescens and 3.01 ± 0.82 for 0. paniculatum). The best results were obtained with 1x8 clone of L canescens. Axillary branching and root formation were the highest (8.22 shoot formation, 46.7% of rooting). Contamination of the explants with Rhodococcus fascians D188 increased the number of newly formed shoots of 0. paniculatum to 4.6 ± 0.72, while the propagation process of L. canescens was not affected. The highest percentage of rooted shoots of L canescens was observed on V, B5 medium [14] with 0.2 mg/1 1BA (from 27% to 46.7%, depending on plant line), while in the case of regenerated shoots of 0. paniculatum hormone-free LS medium induced roots more effectively (36.7%) than V2 B5 medium with 0.2 mg/1 1BA (25%).
PL
Wydajny sposób mikrorozmnażania roślin Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm, i Onosma paniculatum (Bur. and Franch) (Boraginaceae) opracowano z wykorzystaniem pąków szczytowych oraz bocznych. Największą liczbę pędów rozwijających się z eksplantatów obserwowano na pożywce LS (15] z kinetyną (0,5 mg/1) i BAP (2,0 mg/l). Średnia liczba rozwijających się pędów w wypadku L canescens wyniosła 6,18 ± 1,89, a w wypadku 0. paniculatum 3,01 ± 0,82. Najlepsze wyniki uzyskano dla klonu Lc8 L. canescens. Liczba uzyskanych pędów z istniejących merystemów wyniosła 8,22, a procent ukorzenionych pędów - 46,7. Zakażenie eksplantatów roślinnych szczepem bakteryjnym Rhodococcus fascians Dl 88 zwiększało liczbę nowopowstających pąków w kulturze 0. paniculatum do 4,6 ± 0,72, natomiast w wypadku L. canescens proces ten nie byt efektywny. Najwyższy procent ukorzenionych pędów L canescens otrzymano na pożywce V. B5 (141-7~IBA (zależnie od linii: od 27% do 46,7%), podczas gdy wytwarzanie korzeni 0. paniculatum następowało lepiej (36,7%) na pożywce LS bez regulatorów wzrostu.
EN
Extracts of Rhodiola Kirilowii plant roots (several years old plant) were studied by HPLC methods. The aim of these studies was searching for active substances: salidroside, tyrosol, rosavin, cinnamyl alcohol and triandrine. In studied extracts mentioned above substances were not found. On chromatograms only one peak (Rt 8,9 min., maximal absorbance at X =220 nm) of notidentified substance was observed. Further investigations are in progress.
PL
Wyciąg z korzeni kilkuletniej rośliny Rhodiola Kirilowii został poddany badaniom fitochemicznym metodą HPLC. Ich celem było znalezienie aktywnych związków: salidrozydu, tyrozolu, rozawiny, alkoholu cynamonowego i triandryny. W badanych ekstraktach nie znaleziono żadnej z wymienionych substancji. Na chromatogramach zaobserwowano natomiast występowanie piku (Rt 8,9 min., o największej absorbancji przy λ =220 nm) niezidentyfikowanej substancji. Dalsze badania w toku.
EN
The role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 10 lM), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, and/or methyl jasmonate (MJ, 100 lM) spiked with L-phenylalanine (PHEN, 100 lM) and additional sucrose (S; 30 g l-1), in taxane production and phenyl ammonia lyase (PAL) activity in cultures of two Taxus media x var. Hicksii transgenic root lines (ATMA and ATM) carrying the taxadiene synthase transgene was investigated. SNP addition, when applied together with MJ and/or PHEN, resulted in paclitaxel production only in ATMA cultures. The application of the NO donor gave the highest paclitaxel content (7.56 mg l-1) in the combination of SNP+S+MJ+PHEN, after 2 weeks of treatment in the ATMA root line. In ATM cultures, taxane production was not affected by SNP. In both ATMA and ATM lines the highest total (intra+extracellular) paclitaxel yield was determined when elicited with MJ+PHEN, and amounted to 10.78 mg l-1 at 1 week and 1.63 mg l-1 at 2 weeks of treatment, in cultures of ATMA and ATM lines, respectively. The excretion of paclitaxel was observed only in ATMA cultures, with the highest level (2.34 mg l-1) obtained after elicitation with S+MJ+PHEN. The comparison of PAL activity in the two root lines revealed that this enzyme was almost 3-times more active in ATM than ATMA roots. An increase in both PAL activity and paclitaxel production was only observed in ATMA cultures growing in medium supplemented with S+MJ+PHEN.
EN
Four alkannins, isobutylalkannin (1), β,β-dimethylacrylalkannin (2), acetylalkannin (3) and β-hydroxyisovalerylalkannin (4), two shikonofurans: shikonofuran C (5), shikonofuran D (6), and a number of sterols as well as esterified acids, have been isolated and determined from the n-hexane extract of Lithospermum canescens transgenic roots. Pigments 1 and 4 are reported in the present work as novel metabolites within Lithospermum genus, while it is also the first detailed chemical analysis of transgenic roots from the studied species. All chemical structures were determined by modern chromatographic and spectral means as GC-MS, ESI-MS, and NMR.
EN
This article is the first report describing a new validated method to determine the content of HupA in Huperzia selago (Huperziaceae) from wild population and obtained in in vitro culture using the chaotropic mobile phase. An aqueous-organic (acetonitrile) mobile phase with an added chaotropic salt (NaPF6) was used. The system of mobile phases ensured very high selectivity and efficiency at up to N = 6683 ± 963 theoretical plates calculated for isocratic mode. A Hypercosil GOLD column, C18 250 × 4.6 mm, and a Hypercosil GOLD precolumn, 5UM 10 × 4 mm, were employed for detection at four wavelengths, 230 nm being analytical. The regression coefficient (R2) of the calibration was 0.9993 over the range 25–1252 μg mL -1. The recovery rates were 98.36–105.1% with RSD <2.9%. The intra- and inter-day precisions, expressed as RSD, ranged from 1.2% to 2.7%. LOD for HupA was 14 ng mL -1 for a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1. The limit of quantification was 140 ng mL. -1. The huperzine A (HupA) content of the plant material ranged from 0.65 mg g−1 dry weight (d.w.) to 1.59 mg g−1 d.w. (material from wild plants) and from 0.44 to 1.10 mg g−1 d.w. (material from in vitro cultures). Interestingly, in our study, plants of H. selago derived from wild population had one of the highest HupA concentrations recorded for a club moss (1.59 mg g -1 d.w.). The findings demonstrate that H. selago, found in Europe and North America, is an alternative source of HupA, richer than H. serrata. In order to confirm that HupA was present in the alkaloid extracts, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses of the patterns were performed in the positive ion mode. The fragmentation quasi-molecular ion of the standard HupA (m/z = 243, [M+H]+) and the ion with m/z = 243 found in the samples were identical, confirming the compound as HupA.
EN
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Lithospermum ccinescens roots extract and acetylshikonin, isobutyrylshikonin — naphthoquinone derivatives isolated from them were investigated by measuring their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). L. canescens extract was found to have strong antibacterial and antifungal activities against investigated Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus 1251, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 8040, and yeast-like fungi strain Candida albicans PCM 1409 PZH and comparable to chloramphenicol and amphotericin B activities. However, the extract potency against Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli PZH 026 B6 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa S. 85/2 was several times lower. Acetylshikonin and isobutyrylshikonin showed strong anti­biotic activity. The effect of these compounds on the S. aureus FDA 209P was similar as effect of chloramphenicol.
PL
W pracy badano aktywność przeciwbakteryjną i przeciwgrzybiczą ekstraktu z korzeni L. canescens, wyizolowanych z nich pochodnych naftochinonu — acetyloszikoniny (ACS), izobutyryloszikoniny (IBS) oraz substancji wzorcowej szikoniny, określając minimalne stężenie hamujące wzrost drobnoustrojów (MIC). Wyciąg z korzeni i. canescens odzna­czał się silnym działaniem przeciwdrobnoustrojowym, porównywalnym do działania chloramfenikolu i amfoterycyny B, w odniesieniu do bakterii Gram-dodatnich — Staphy­lococcus aureus FDA 209P, Staphylococcus aureus 1251, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 8040 oraz grzybów drożdżoidalnych Candida albicans PCM 1409 PZH. Natomiast jego działanie na pałeczki Gram-ujemne — Escherichia coli PZH 026 B6 i Pseudomonas aeruginosa S. 85/2 było kilkakrotnie niższe. ACS i IBS wykazywały silną, porównywalną do działania chloramfenikolu, aktywność mikrobiologiczną wobec szczepu Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P.
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