Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Metody oceny stanu zdrowia i stopnia wytrenowania koni wyczynowych

100%

Kowalska A. , Sadkowski T.

Hodowca i Jeździec

|

2008

|

tom 06

|

nr 3

50-53

2

Mikromacierze DNA - nowe narzedzie badawcze w fizjologii i patologii

100%

Sadkowski T. , Motyl T.

|

nr 11 Supl.

1421-1426

EN

The aim of this review is to explain fundamentals of DNA microarray technique and indicate possibilities of its use in veterinary sciences. DNA microarray technology is a powerful tool for functional and structural genomics. It allows the analysis of an entire genome expression (transcriptomic profile) on one glass or plastic slide in a short period of time. It gives the opportunity to establish genes expression patterns characteristic for different physiological and pathological conditions and allows its use as a diagnostic tool. The use of expression microarrays gives the possibility to examine the influence of new treatment strategies in particular diseases and enables the assessment of advantages and disadvantages of this type of therapy. It also allows finding new targets (key proteins, enzymes) for newly developed drugs and makes possible the adaptation of a drug therapy to individual patients. By using DNA microarray technique it is possible to make a new hypothesis and to validate current ones. In this review the origin of the DNA microarray technique, its molecular basics, different kinds of microarray slides and analysis platform as well as the methodology of labeling and hybridization were described. This review may be very useful for people who are planning to use or are have already begun using DNA microarray technique.

3

Rola komórek satelitowych we wzroście i regeneracji mięśni szkieletowych

80%

Ciecierska A. , Sadkowski T. , Motyl T.

|

nr 12

EN

Postnatal growth and regeneration capacity of skeletal muscles is dependent mainly on adult muscle stem cells called satellite cells. Satellite cells are quiescent mononucleated cells that are normally located outside the sarcolemma within the basal lamina of the muscle fiber. Their activation, which results from injury, is manifested by mobilization, proliferation, differentiation and, ultimately, fusion into new muscle fibers. The satellite cell pool is responsible for the remarkable regenerative capacity of skeletal muscles. Moreover, these cells are capable of self-renewal and can give rise to myogenic progeny.

4

Nutraceutical functions of beta-glucans in human nutrition

80%

Ciecierska A. , Drywien M. , Hamulka J. , Sadkowski T.

|

nr 4

EN

Recent studies have shown that naturally occurring substances found in the food of the daily human diet are important for preventing chronic non-communicable diseases. One of them is beta-glucan, which is a natural polysaccharide, occurring in plant cell walls, mainly oats, barley and wheat. It is also present in baker’s yeast cells, fungal cell walls, and some microorganisms. Beta-glucan belongs to one of the dietary fiber fractions, which are attributed a number of beneficial health properties, including the prevention and treatment of certain digestive diseases and supporting the immune system. This compound has biological activity that depends on the size, molecular weight, conformation, frequency of bonds, solubility and changes in structure. Beta-glucan reduces cholesterol and glucose concentrations in the blood, which reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In addition to its effects on lipid levels and glucose metabolism, beta-glucan also exhibits antioxidant properties by scavenging reactive oxygen species, thereby reducing the risk of diseases, including atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Immunostimulatory and antitumor effects have also been reported. The immunostimulatory activity of beta-glucan occurs as a result of its attachment to specific receptors present on the immune cell surface. Beta-glucan belongs to the group of prebiotics which stimulate the growth and activity of the desired natural intestinal microbiota, while inhibiting the growth of pathogens. It plays an important role in the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and preventing inflammation as well as colon cancer. Such a number of health benefits resulting from the properties of beta-glucan may play a key role in improving health and preventing chronic non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.

PL

Badania ostatnich lat dowiodły, iż w codziennej diecie człowieka znajdują się naturalnie występujące składniki żywności o istotnym znaczeniu w zapobieganiu niezakaźnym chorobom przewlekłym. Między innymi jest to beta-glukan, który jest naturalnym polisacharydem, występującym w ścianach komórkowych roślin, głównie owsa, jęczmienia i pszenicy. Obecny jest także w komórkach drożdży piekarniczych, ścianach komórkowych grzybów i w niektórych mikroorganizmach. Beta-glukan należy do jednej z frakcji błonnika pokarmowego, któremu przypisuje się szereg korzystnych właściwości zdrowotnych, między innymi w prewencji i leczeniu niektórych schorzeń układu pokarmowego oraz wspomaganiu układu odpornościowego. Związek ten wykazuje aktywność biologiczną, która zależy od wielkości masy cząsteczkowej. Beta-glukan obniża poziom cholesterolu oraz pozwala utrzymać prawidłowy poziom cukru we krwi, co wiąże się ze zmniejszonym ryzykiem zachorowalności na choroby sercowo-naczyniowe oraz cukrzycę. Oprócz wpływu na poziom lipidów i metabolizm glukozy beta-glukan wykazuje także właściwości przeciwutleniające poprzez wychwytywanie reaktywnych form tlenu, zmniejszając tym samym ryzyko wystąpienia, m.in.: chorób układu krążenia, chorób neurodegeneracyjnych, cukrzycy oraz nowotworów. Substancja ta wywiera również efekt immunostymulujący oraz antykancerogenny. Immunostymulujące działanie beta-glukanu polega na jego przyłączeniu się do specyficznych receptorów obecnych na powierzchni komórek układu odpornościowego. Beta-glukan należy do grupy prebiotyków, stymulujących wzrost i aktywność pożądanej, naturalnej mikrobioty jelitowej, hamując jednocześnie rozwój patogenów. Odgrywa to istotną rolę w prawidłowym funkcjonowaniu przewodu pokarmowego oraz zapobieganiu wystąpienia stanów zapalnych, jak również nowotworów jelita grubego. Wykazane korzyści zdrowotne wynikające z właściwości beta-glukanu mogą odgrywać kluczową rolę w poprawie stanu zdrowia oraz przeciwdziałaniu niezakaźnym chorobom przewlekłym, tj. Cukrzycy, hipercholesterolemii, otyłości, chorobom sercowo-naczyniowym oraz nowotworom.

5

Rola kwasu beta-hydroksy-beta-metylomasłowego (HMB) w utrzymaniu kondycji fizycznej

80%

Ostaszewski P. , Szczesniak K. , Sadkowski T.

|

nr 06

6

Myogenic cells applications in regeneration of post-infarction cardiac tissue

80%

Ciecierska A. , Chodakowska K. , Motyl T. , Sadkowski T.

|

tom 64

|

nr 4

7

Transcriptional pattern of TGF-beta1 inhibitory effect on mouse C2C12 myoblasts differentiation

80%

Wicik Z. , Sadkowski T. , Jank M. , Motyl T.

|

nr 4

EN

The aim of the present study was to define the effect of TGF-β1 on C2C12 myoblasts myogenesis. TGF-β1 together with its receptor is a negative auto-paracrine regulator of myogenesis, which influences the proliferation, differentiation, and functions of muscle cells. TGF-β1 exerts highly significant inhibitory effect on differentiation of C2C12 mouse myoblasts manifested by the impairment of cell fusion and very low expression of myosin heavy chain. The study of differentiating C2C12 mouse myoblasts treated with TGF-β1 revealed 502 genes (436 down-regulated and 66 up-regulated) with statistically different expression. TGF-β1-regulated genes were identified to be involved in 29 biological processes, 29 molecular functions groups and 59 pathways. The strongest inhibiting effect of TGF-β1 was observed in the cadherin and Wnt pathways. The key-genes that could play the role of TGF-β1 targets during myoblasts differentiation was identified such as: Max, Creb1, Ccna2, Bax, MdfI, Tef, Tubg1, Cxcl5, Rho, Calca and Lgals4.

8

The transcriptomic signature of myostatin inhibitory influence on the differentiation of mouse C2C12 myoblasts

80%

Wicik Z. , Sadkowski T. , Jank M. , Motyl T.

|

nr 4

EN

GDF8 (myostatin) is a unique cytokine strongly affecting the skeletal muscle phenotype in human and animals. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of myostatin influence on the differentiation of mouse C2C12 myoblasts, using the global-transcriptome analysis with the DNA microarray technique. Treatment with exogenous GDF8 strongly affected the growth and development of C2C12 mouse myoblasts. This was manifested by the inhibition of proliferation and differentiation as well as the impairment of cell fusion. DNA microarray analysis revealed 778 genes regulated by GDF8 in differentiating myoblasts (436 down-regulated and 235 up-regulated). Ontological analysis revealed their involvement in 17 types of biological processes, 10 types of molecular functions and 68 different signalling pathways. The effect of GDF8 was mainly mediated by the disruption of the cell cycle, calcium and insulin signalling pathways and expression of cytoskeletal and muscle specific proteins. The identified key-genes that could play a role as GDF8 targets in differentiating myoblasts are: Mef2, Hgf, Ilb1, Itgb1, Edn1, Ppargc1a.

9

Gene expression profiling in skeletal muscle of Holstein-Friesian bulls with single-nuclotide polymorphism in the myostatin gene 5'-flanking region

61%

Sadkowski T. , Jank M. , Zwierzchowski L. , Siadkowska E. , Oprzadek J. , Motyl T.

|

nr 3

237-250

EN

Myostatin (GDF-8) is a key protein responsible for skeletal muscle growth and development, thus mutations in the mstn gene can have major economic and breeding consequences. The aim of the present study was to investigate myostatin gene expression and transcriptional profile in skeletal muscle of Holstein-Friesian (Black-and-White) bulls carrying a polymorphism in the 5 '-flanking region of the mstn gene (G/C transversion at position -7828). Real-time qRT-PCR and cDNA microarray revealed significantly lower mstn expression in muscle of bulls with the CC genotype, as compared to GG and GC genotypes. The direct comparison of skeletal muscle transcriptional profiles between the CC genotype and GG and GC genotypes resulted in identification of genes, of which at least some can be putative targets for myostatin. Using cDNA microarray, we identified 43 common genes (including mstn) with significantly different expression in skeletal muscle of bulls with the CC genotype, as compared to GG and GC genotypes, 15 of which were upregulated and 28 were downregulated in the CC genotype. Classification of molecular function of differentially expressed genes revealed the highest number of genes involved in the expression of cytoskeleton proteins (9), extracellular matrix proteins (4), nucleic acid-binding proteins (4), calcium-binding proteins (4), and transcription factors (4). The biological functions of the largest number of genes involved: protein metabolism and modification (10), signal transduction (10), cell structure (8), and developmental processes (8). The main identified signaling pathways were: Wnt (4), chemokines and cytokines (4), integrin (4), nicotine receptor for acetylocholinę (3), TGF-beta (2), and cytoskeleton regulation by Rho GTPase (2). We identified previously unrecognized putatively myostatin-dependent genes, encoding transcription factors (EGR1, Nf1b, ILF1), components of the proteasomal complex (PSMB7, PSMD13) and proteins with some other molecular function in skeletal muscle (ITGB1BP3, Pla2glb, ISYNA 1, TNFAIP6, MSTI, TNNT1, CALB3, CACYBP, and CTNNA1).

10

Polymorphism in the 5' flanking region of the myostatin gene affects myostatin and TGF-beta1 expression in bovine skeletal muscle

61%

Jank M. , Zwierzchowski I. , Siadkowska E. , Budasz-Swiderska M. , Sadkowski T. , Oprzadek J. , Motyl T.

Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences

|

2006

|

tom 15

|

nr 3

381-391

EN

Myostatin (GDF-8) is a key protein responsible for skeletal muscle growth and development so mutations in the mstn gene can have major economic and breeding consequences. The aim of the present study was to investigate polymorphism in the 5’flanking region of the mstn gene and its possible influence on the myostatin level in skeletal muscles of Polish Black-and-White bulls. The relation between expression of myostatin and another member of the TGF-β superfamily, TGF-β1, was also examined. We uncovered polymorphism in the 5’flanking region of the mstn gene: G/C substitution at position -7828 (relative to translation start codon ATG). The most frequent genotype was GC (43.6%), followed by genotypes CC (34.2%) and GG (22.2%). The concentration of the active form of myostatin (26 kDa) in M. semitendinosus of homozygotes (CC) was the lowest, whereas the expression of this cytokine in heterozygotes was the highest. The changes in mstn expression did not, however, influence average carcass traits (weight of valuable cuts and weight of lean in valuable cuts). The pattern of differences in the TGF-β1 concentration corresponded to that observed for myostatin.

11

Transcriptional pattern of TGF-β1 inhibitory effect on mouse C2C12 myoblasts differentiation

41%

Wicik Z. , Jank M. , Sadkowski T. , Motyl T.

|

nr 4

12

Slomiana tradycja

36%

Sadkowski T.

|

1998

|

nr 09

50-51