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EN
Eco-friendly leather processes based on the usage of natural products have become a potentially attractive issue for leather industry during the last few decades. Synthetic protective chemicals like bactericides used in most soaking process are known as hazardous substances and cause tannery effluents with high concentrations of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). In the present study, the effect of tannic acid on microorganisms, skin, wool and effluent were investigated in order to demonstrate the applicability of tannic acid in soaking process instead of commonly used bactericides. The bacterial load (cfu/ml), COD and Nitrogen Content (N) of the soaking effluents and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) content of skins and wools were investigated. Application of 0.5 and 1 wt% tannic acid concentrations was more effective than commercial bactericide, while comparable results were achieved by 0.1 and 0.3 wt% tannic acid. The application of tannic acid for soaking process resulted in lower COD and N values of effluents. The results show that tannic acid has the potential to be an alternative, eco-friendly bactericide for leather industry by reducing the pollution of leather soaking process.
EN
This study investigates amounts of acid and metal complex dyes remaining in baths after the dyeing processes of vegetable tanned leathers and their removal using chromium and vegetable shavings as adsorbents. The results indicated that 97-867 mgL⁻¹ of acid dyes and 15-369 mgL⁻¹ of metal complex dyes remain at the end of dyeing processes of vegetable-tanned leathers. The adsorption behaviors of chromium and vegetable shavings were investigated toward four acid dyes and four 1:1 metal complex dyes having four different types of metal atoms (Cr, Fe, Cu, Co). Batch adsorption technique was used in adsorption experiments. The effects of time, pH, and adsorbent amount parameters on dye adsorption were investigated. Optimum pH values were pH 2.0 and pH 3.8 for vegetable shavings and chromium shavings, respectively. Adsorption capacities of chromium and vegetable shavings were found to be between 123.5-454.5 mg·g⁻¹ and 68.0-154.0 mg·g⁻¹ depending on the type of dye. From the results it was clearly seen that both chromium and vegetable shavings could be used as adsorbents for acid and metal complex dyes, while chromium shavings performed better. The experimental data of adsorption isotherms of all dyes fit well to the Langmuir model.
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