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Content available Design of Grinding Machine Spindle
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EN
When grinding high demands are usually placed on the geometrical tolerances of the workpiece surface. For this reason, the spindles of the grinding machines are normally designed with requirements for a minimum position change of the grinding disks due to external forces and bending moments. The design theory of these spindles is relatively well elaborated, as it represents the most frequently used solution in practice. However, there are also cases where it is necessary to grind some hard-to-reach areas, using a great ejection of the spindle. In these cases, it is necessary to reassess the required geometrical tolerances with regard to its necessity to comply with the minimal changes in the position of the grinding discs due to the great ejection. Where it is necessary to maintain high geometrical tolerances, it is necessary to ensure a greater rigidity of the spindle. This rigidity is usually improved by increasing its diameter. By doing this we also increase the weight of the spindle that is heavily ejected, and thus its deformation can occur due to gravity forces. That is why it is necessary to analyse the deflection of the spindle depending on its ejection in the course of its design. In the case we increase the diameter of the grinder spindle the possible applicable grinding disc diameter decreases, due to the growing size of its housing. Any grinding of hard-to-reach surfaces is therefore done in particular to improve the quality of the surface with low requirements on the geometrical tolerances. This article deals with the design patterns for a spindle used in axial grinding for inner rotating surfaces. The article contains a spindle design solution and an analysis of its deflections, depending on its ejection, and the size of the passive forces.
EN
In this article the authors draw attention to the possibilities of treatment for complicated bone fractures. They present their own design, laboratory tests and numerical solutions (i.e. strength analyses and reliability assessments) of the various types of internal and external fixators applied in traumatology and orthopaedics (i.e. intended for fractures of limbs, pelvis and calcaneus). The new design of external fixators is based on the development of Ilizarov and other techniques (i.e. shape and weight optimization based on composite materials, application of smart materials, nanotechnology, low x-ray absorption, antibacterial protection, patient comfort, reduction in the duration of surgical treatment, and cost). Similarly, the new intramedullary nail C-NAIL (i.e. an example of an internal fixator) is intended for minimal-invasive fixation of intra articular calcaneal fractures.
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