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Genetic variability of yew (Taxus baccata L.) trees in seven nature reserves (Jasień, Czarne Człu− chowskie, Choczewo, Wierzchlas, Wirty, Rokita and Mogilno/Stary Sącz) in Poland was investigated by RAPD methods. The results showed high genetic differences between populations ranging from 22.7% among the population of Stary Sącz and hedge (+) to 86.1% between Wierzchlas and Rokita (+). Based on the results of RAPD analyses, the studied populations were divided into three groups of similarity. The first include Jasień and Choczewo the populations, the second Rokita (+), hedge (–) and Stary Sącz, and the third remaining populations. High level of genetic diversity was showed among the studied populations, is essential to the adaptability of the population of yew. This theoretically increases the chances of survival species thanks to the possibility of passing to preferred combinations of genes to the future generations.
EN
Plants are continuously exposed to various environmental stresses and they respond to them in different ways. Ambient temperature is among the most important environmental cues that directly influence plant growth and yield. Research in recent years has revealed that epigenetic mechanisms play a key role in plants' response to temperature stress. Changes in gene expression evoked by stress signals follow post-translational histone modifications, DNA methylation, histone variant incorporation, and the action of chromatin remodeling factors and Polycomb group proteins. The majority of epigenetic modifications induced by temperature stress are reversible in nature; thus, chromatin returns to its previous state after the stress has passed. Some modifications seem stable, however, due presumably to so-called stress memory. Epigenetic modifications can be inherited through mitosis and meiosis. By dint of epigenetic memory, plants can more efficiently respond to future stressful conditions, thereby increasing their potential for environmental adaptation. Recognition of the epigenetic mechanisms that take part in plants' response to changes of ambient temperature will increase our understanding of adaptations to stress conditions.
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