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Content available remote Bead-on-plate weldability of Al 5052 alloy using a disk laser
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EN
Purpose: The paper presents the effect of the laser welding parameters of the laser focal position and beam angle on the weldability of an Al 5052 thick plate using a 4kW disk laser. Design/methodology/approach: Bead-on-plate welding was conducted on a 10mm-thick Al 5052 plate. Aspects of the bead, including the bead surface and cross sections, were evaluated with various laser welding parameters. The porosity formation was also examined in an X-ray transmission tests. Findings: Although the penetration depth decreased as the focal point moves away from the surface, the appearance of the bead improved and the porosity decreased. The weldability according to the inclination angle of the laser beam was also investigated. It was found that a forward inclination of the laser beam (when the inclination angle is an acute angle) could enhance the weldability compared with a backward inclination. Research limitations/implications: The results of the thick plate BOP welding experiments can be expanded to optimizing the Al alloy welding of thin sheets. Practical implications: It is applicable as a ground technique for the laser welding of aluminium alloy to increase the productivity and quality using the recently developed disk laser. Originality/value: The outcome of the research shows the influence of the welding parameters on weldability aspects in disk laser welding of an Al alloy.
EN
Background: This study examined the relationship between the superior turbinate and natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus, as seen during the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETSA) for sellar lesions and described how to enter the sphenoethmoid cell safely for complete exposure of the sellar floor, including adjacent vital structures such as the prominence of the optic nerve and carotid artery. Materials and methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records and operative findings of 154 patients, who underwent EETSA between February 2009 and February 2011. We evaluated the location of the natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus relative to the superior turbinate and revealed the clinical significance of the superior turbinate as a surgical guide to enter into the sphenoethmoid cell during EETSA. Results: The natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus was located medially to the posteroinferior end of the superior turbinate in 151 (98%) patients. In 1 patient, the natural ostia of the sphenoid sinus were located lateral to the superior turbinate bilaterally. Sphenoethmoid cell was encountered in 53 (34%) patients. We could easily enter the sphenoethmoid cell at the point where the superior turbinate was attached to the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus. Conclusions: The superior turbinate is a good surgical landmark for identifying the natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus and as a guide for the surgical entrance to the sphenoethmoid cell extending to the sphenoid sinus during EETSA. (Folia Morphol 2014; 73, 1: 73–78)
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