Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Multiscale approach to mechanical behavior of polymeric nanocomposites: an application o T1ρ(13C) relaxation experiments at variable spin-locking fields

100%

Kotek J. , Brus J.

Polimery

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2014

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tom T. 59, nr 9

662--666

EN

The article describes the multiscale experimental approach to the mechanical behavior of polymeric nanocomposites. It is based on a combination of structure sensitive methods with mechanical testing, which allows us to relate macroscopic mechanical behavior on one side, and molecular and supermolecular structure on the other. In addition to widely used X-ray scattering and microscope methods, solid-state NMR is applied in order to obtain information about structure and, primarily, about the dynamics of polymer segments. Particular attention is devoted to T1ρ(13C) relaxation experiments performed at variable 13C spin-locking fields.

PL

Opisano sposób oceny właściwości mechanicznych nanokompozytów polimerowych z zastosowaniem połączenia metod wykorzystywanych do określania struktury z technikami służącymi do wyznaczania wytrzymałości mechanicznej materiału. Celem badań było ustalenie relacji między właściwościami mechanicznymi a nadcząsteczkową strukturą polimeru. Strukturę nanokompozytów, a także dynamikę polimerowych segmentów określano też metodami: szerokokątowego rozpraszania promieni X, NMR ciała stałego oraz za pomocą technik mikroskopowych. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono możliwości wykorzystania czasów relaksacji obserwowanych w zmiennym polu ujarzmiania spinów.

2

Biocontrol of common vole populations by avian predators versus rodenticide application

70%

Machar I. , Hermacek J. , Vrublova K. , Filippovova J. , Brus J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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tom 65

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nr 3

EN

This paper presents results of a study focused on using the increased predation pressure of avian raptors for biocontrol of local populations of the common vole (Microtus arvalis) in Haná (Czech Republic), a region of traditional agriculture in central Europe. Five raptor perches per hectare were installed on fields (total number of perches installed per year was 625) during two vole outbreaks in 2005/2006 and 2009/2010. The importance of the installed perches for the abundance of raptors during both outbreaks was evaluated based on the overall raptor counting along a transect. The results imply that supporting aggregations of raptors on agricultural arable land by means of installed artificial perches can increase the predation pressure on M. arvalis at the onset and during its population outbreaks. The density of raptors was low in fields without installed perches, although the local vole population was reaching its peak densities (2100 active burrows per hectare). In contrast, the density of raptors in fields with installed perches was markedly high. The results showed that the cost of biological control applied to agricultural land with an ongoing vole outbreak may sum up to approx. 50% of the rodenticide application costs (with equal efficiencies of both methods reducing the common vole abundance below the economic injury level).

3

Biocontrol of Common Vole Populations by Avian Predators Versus Rodenticide Application

70%

Machar I. , Harmacek J. , Vrublova K. , Filippovova J. , Brus J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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tom Vol. 65, nr 3

434--444

EN

This paper presents results of a study focused on using the increased predation pressure of avian raptors for biocontrol of local populations of the common vole (Microtus arvalis) in Haná (Czech Republic), a region of traditional agriculture in central Europe. Five raptor perches per hectare were installed on fields (total number of perches installed per year was 625) during two vole outbreaks in 2005/2006 and 2009/2010. The importance of the installed perches for the abundance of raptors during both outbreaks was evaluated based on the overall raptor counting along a transect. The results imply that supporting aggregations of raptors on agricultural arable land by means of installed artificial perches can increase the predation pressure on M. arvalis at the onset and during its population outbreaks. The density of raptors was low in fields without installed perches, although the local vole population was reaching its peak densities (2100 active burrows per hectare). In contrast, the density of raptors in fields with installed perches was markedly high. The results showed that the cost of biological control applied to agricultural land with an ongoing vole outbreak may sum up to approx. 50% of the rodenticide application costs (with equal efficiencies of both methods reducing the common vole abundance below the economic injury level).

4

Environmental modelling of climate change impact on grapevines:case study from the Czech Republic

61%

Machar I. , Vickova V. , Bucek A. , Vrublova K. , Filippovova J. , Brus J.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2017

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tom 26

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nr 4

EN

Predicted climate change can significantly affect ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. Possibilities of predicting climate change effects on growing conditions of crops are therefore sought for practical reasons. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the current discussions about the impact of climate change on agriculture. The case study from the Czech Republic presents methods and results of environmental modelling of the impact of predicted climatic changes on future conditions for growing grapevines. The model is based on the ecological relationship between climate and vegetation zonation of the landscape and thus belongs to the group of process biogeographic models applicable on a regional scale. The results of the presented model show significant enlargement of areas climatically suitable for growing grapes within the studied area. The results of the model relevant to the Czech Republic are in line with the previous assumptions of trends in future impacts of climate change on viticulture in Europe. However, the data resulting from the presented model, which relate to the time horizon beyond 2050, should be regarded as indicative and fraught with a high degree of uncertainty linked with the uncertainty of the input climatological prediction for this time period.