Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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KOHORTNÍ ZMĚNY V KONCENTRACI PLODNOSTI V ČESKU A NA SLOVENSKU

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Šprocha B. , Šídlo L. , Nováková G. , Šťastná A.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2016

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tom 48

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nr 5

474 – 499

EN

The main objective of this study is interested primarily in the inter-individual diversity in fertility according to the parity distribution of women reproduction in Czech Republic and Slovakia. The authors identify a sharp decline in the concentration of reproduction during the 20th century at very low levels. It was primarily the result of a very low childlessness with combination of significant domination of the two-child family model. This trend has reversed for the most recent cohorts. It appears that this development mainly triggered by pluralization of reproductive behaviour. The youngest cohort tends to increase childlessness as well as increase the proportion of women with only one child. The growing concentration of reproduction suggests that future society in Czech Republic and Slovakia should not simply focus on “average” women (or mother) but should take into an account a wide spectrum of orientations and life strategies.

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PROSPECTIVE DIMENSION OF POPULATION AGEING AND POTENTIAL USE IN PENSION SECURITY IN THE V4 COUNTRIES

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Šídlo L. , Šprocha B. , Ďurček P.

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tom 68

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nr 6

601 – 621

EN

The main aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of remaining years of life in relation to demographic ageing. We use the V4 countries as our case study and analyse demographic ageing using the concept of prospective age and the relevant indicators to consider whether statutory retirement age should be readdressed given the rise in remaining life expectancy among seniors. The classic indicators show that ageing is increasing in the V4 countries. Using prospective indicators we can see that not only is the level of ageing significantly lower but that it is progressing more slowly, and in some cases reversing. The prospective approach could also be important in setting pension age as it reflects changes in life and the principle of equitability. Also the results show that the way how pension age is fixed in the V4 countries may pose a risk to the sustainability of pension systems.

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BEZDETNOSŤ – NOVÝ FENOMÉN V ŽIVOTNÝCH DRÁHACH ŽIEN NA SLOVENSKU

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Šprocha B. , Šťastná A. , Šídlo L.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2017

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tom 49

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nr 5

561 – 587

EN

Women in Slovakia and in other countries in Central and Eastern Europe whose reproductive years overlapped with the previous political regime rarely opted not to have children, and childlessness thus became a marginal phenomenon. This study provides a detailed reconstruction of long-term childlessness trends among women in Slovakia. In addition, we focus on the changes in cohort fertility and especially in first births in connection to the future development of childlessness among women born in the late 1970s and the first half of the 1980s. A very important goal of this paper is to look more closely at a group of women who remain childless in a society where people married and had children at very early age and where becoming a mother was a general norm. Our analysis is based on the Population Censuses. Using the childlessness rate and binary logistical regression, we attempt to identify characteristics which determine whether women will remain childless or not. The main finding of this analysis is that Slovakia has experienced a U-shaped pattern in permanent childlessness in cohorts between 1900 and 1970. The lowest level was observed among women born around 1940. Cohorts from the late 1960s and the early 1970s experienced rapid increases in childlessness. According to our estimations the childlessness level among women born in the first half of the 1980s may reach 18 – 20 %. A detailed analysis of the structural characteristics of the childless women showed family status and education to have a significant impact on the likelihood to remain childless. Likewise, certain differences in childlessness levels are also found in women by nationality, religion and their place of residence.

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VZDELANIE ŽIEN A PLODNOSŤ: K NIEKTORÝM DIFERENČNÝM ASPEKTOM TRANSFORMÁCIE PLODNOSTI NA SLOVENSKU

100%

Šprocha B. , Tišliar P. , Šídlo L.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2020

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tom 52

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nr 5

499 - 524

EN

The educational structure of young women in Slovakia is undergoing significant qualitative changes. Its main features include a historically unique inclination to the tertiary degree. Extending the study period and increasing participation rates in education are closely linked to these changes. At the same time, several important changes in the intensity, timing and nature of reproductive behaviour are taking place in Slovakia. Together, they are part of the overall transition to adulthood. Women's education is generally considered to be one of the most influential predictors of their demographic behaviour. Educational attainment and enrolment are strongly related to fertility tempo and quantum, family size, union formation and partnership choices. However, the influence of these factors is a lesser-known phenomenon in Slovakia. The main aim of the article is to point out the differences in realized fertility, differences in the structure of women according to parity, the impact of changes in parity progression ratios on the completed cohort fertility according to women's education. In the second part, we focus on cross-sectional changes that occur after 1989. We analyse not only the intensity of fertility, but also changes in the timing and concentration of fertility according to the age and education of the woman.