A common problem appearing in the discussions is connecting behaviorism with positivism. The main goal of this article is to show that this alliance is not legitimate – main principles of the Skinnerian science rather point to the Mach’s empiricism, pragmatism and operationalism than to Carnap’s project. Secondly it will be shown that behaviorism is most importantly the philosophy of science. In the last part we will consider the main points appearing in the critique of behaviorism and try to give an answer to them.