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Content available remote Fault injection stress strategies in dependability analysis
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EN
The paper deals with the problem of testing computer system's susceptibility to hardware faults by means of software implemented fault injectors. Basing on our experience with fault injection techniques we present various strategies of fault stressing in relevance to fault impact analysis in the function of the application input data profile, fault injection profile in time and space, resource activities etc. We discuss the problem of test result qualification and significance. Fault hardening at the software level is also outlined. The considerations presented are illustrated with numerous experimental results obtained in Windows and Linux environments.
EN
Multiple and interacting environmental factors are involved in the development of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) in the Caucasian population. NMSC include basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell skin carcinoma. The aim of our paper was to present literature data on the etiopathogenesis of NMSC with special stress on environmental agents such as: ultraviolet radiation (including sunbathing), ozone depletion, smoking and occupational factors. The role of administered treatment with phototherapy and immunosuppresants is described as well. As skin cancer incidence has increased, the necessity of avoidance of NMSC risk factors is highlighted.
EN
A growing number of studies are being performed on the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in the etiopathogenesis of various conditions. Therefore, it is extremely important to establish the best comparable methods for the determination of the absolute count of blood dendritic cells (BDCs) or their subsets, and the reference normal values for comparisons. The aim of our study was to assess a normal profile of BDCs in the non-cultured human blood of healthy Polish volunteers. BDCs were detected among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 99 healthy people, aged 18- 56. Based on the panel of novel anti-BDCA1, BDCA2 and BDCA3 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), three main subpopulations of BDCs were distinguished: two myeloid types of BDCs, MDC1(BDCA-1+/ CD11c+ /HLA-DR+) or MDC2 (BDCA-3+/CD32-/CD64-/HLA-DR+), and a plasmacytoid subtype, PDC (BDCA-2+/CD123+/HLA-DR+). The number and percentage of BDCs were correlated with the age, gender, photosensitivity (phototype, minimal erythemal dose - MED) and morphological parameters of the healthy volunteers. BDCs represented 0.83% of the PBMC and the median total BDC number was 44.0 cell/ml. The total BDC number correlated with the WBC count (r=0.40; p<0.001) as well as with the lymphocyte and monocyte counts (r=0.20; p=0.045 and r=0.26; p=0.009, respectively). The median percentage of the MDC1 count (0.20%) was twice as high as the MDC2 count (0.10%). The median PDC count was 28.2 cell/ml, and these cells represented 0.50% of the PBMC. There was a positive correlation between PDC and skin photosensitivity (r=0.28; p=0.005). An inverse correlation between the PDC count and the age of the examined volunteers was also found (r=-0.22; p=0.029). Our study provides the first referential data on normal rates and counts of BDCs and their subpopulations, assessed by the new panel of anti-BDCA MoAbs, in healthy Polish subjects. The method used in the study allowed the determination of BDCs and their subset numbers in a relatively small blood volume.
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