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EN
The field experiment was carried out on a smoothstalked meadow-grass to analyse the effect of tractor traffic on herbage production and root morphology. The multiple passes of tractor changed physical properties of soil. Increase in bulk density and penetration resistance of soil under smooth-stalked meadowgrass was recorded up to the depth of 30 cm. The tractor traffic resulted in changes in smooth-stalked meadow-grass yields. During the second and the third harvest it was found that wheel traffic decreased plant yields. For the first harvest the opposite effect in herbage production was noticed. The tractor traffic significantly changed the root morphometric properties in the upper, 0-5 cm, soil layer. Intensive tractor traffic (four and six passes) significantly increased the root length in diameter range of 0.1-0.5 mm. There were no differences in both mean root diameter and specific root length what indicated that traffic treatment applied did not change the root diameter. The results indicate that smooth-stalked meadow-grass could be recommended for compacted soils when intensive traffic is present.
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2008
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tom 17
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nr 2
209-214
EN
The application of organic wastes, particularly composted municipal refuse and sewage sludge, significantly influenced soil structure and related physical properties of soil. A field experiment was conducted in 2005 on Stagnic Gleysol soil where different organic amendments were applied, such as compost, pig manure and sewage sludges. The results were compared with mineral fertilizers and untreated control. The amounts of all fertilizers were determined to supply 110 kg N ha⁻¹. The application of organic amendment, such as pig manure and sewage sludge, decreased the macroporosity of soil. These changes concerned the regular and irregular pores ranging 50-1000 μm in diameter. It was probably the result of a choking effect of particles leached from the sewage sludge and pig manure. Mineral fertilization, compost or sewage sludge did not influence the porosity of soil.
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2009
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tom 42
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nr 1
111-120
EN
The utilization of municipal organic wastes in agricultural fields is gaining popularity as a waste disposal method and source of organic matter. Most sewage wastes contain valuable nutrients that could be used to improve soil fertility. Furthermore, beneficial changes may be seen not only in the chemical but also in the physical properties of soil. A field experiment was conducted in 2005 on Stagnic Gleysol soil where different organic amendments were applied, such as compost, pig manure, and sewage sludges from the sewage-treatment plants of Krzeszowice and Czernichów. The results were compared with mineral fertilizers and an untreated control. The amounts of all fertilizers were determined adequate to supply 110 kg N ha⁻¹. The pig manure and sewage sludges change the soil porosity in range of pores <50 μm in diameter. The application of these organic fertilizers decreases the volume of small pores (<0.005 μm) and increases porosity in the range 0.005-50 μm. This resulted in an increase in both available and productive water retention. The compost and mineral fertilizer application do not affect the air-water properties of Stagnic Gleysol.
PL
Zastosowanie organicznych odpadów komunalnych w rolnictwie zyskuje coraz większe zainteresowanie ze względu na możliwości ich przyrodniczego zagospodarowania oraz źródło materii organicznej dostarczanej do gleby. Większość osadów ściekowych stosowanych jako nawozy poprawiają właściwości chemiczne gleby, a także zmieniają jej właściwości fizyczne gleby. W roku 2005 na glebie Stagnic Gleysol przeprowadzone zostały badania w celu określenia wpływu nawożenia gleby kompostami, gnojowicą świńską i osadami ściekowymi na jej właściwości fizyczne w tym również jej charakterystykę retencyjności. W badaniach użyte zostały osady ściekowe pochodzące z dwóch oczyszczalni ścieków w Krzeszowicach i Czernichowie. Do porównania wykorzystano obiekty nienawożone oraz nawożone nawozami mineralnymi. Nawożenie gnojowicą i osadami ściekowymi zmieniło porowatość gleby w zakresie porów o średnicy <50 μm. Zanotowano zmniejszenie udziału porów małych (<0.005 μm) i wzrost porów o średnicy w przedziale 0.005-50 μm. Skutkiem tych zmian w porowatości dyferencjalnej było zwiększenie retencji produkcyjnej i użytecznej badanej gleby.
Aura
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1998
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nr 10
18-19
EN
The Polish Tatra Mts. occupy some 220 square kilometres, which amount to 10% of all Polish mountain areas. The beauty of these mountains attracts huge number of tourists. On average, some 10,000 people visit the Tatra Mts daily. And in peak season, this figure reaches 45,000. This has an enormous environmental impact. The authors present results of measurements along the Polana Małej Łąki tourist route carried out during one summer using an apparatus for measuring soil compactness.
PL
Tatry Polskie zajmują około 220 km², co stanowi ok. 10 proc. powierzchni wszystkich naszych gór. Ich piękno powoduje ogromny ruch turystyczny: średnio dziennie przez Tatry przechodzi ok. 10 tysięcy ludzi, a w dniach największego szczytu - nawet 45 tysięcy. Nie pozostaje to bez wpływu na środowisko. Autorzy przedstawiają wyniki pomiarów na szlaku turystycznym Polany Małej Łąki, dokonanych w okresie jednego lata przy pomocy aparatu do pomiaru zwięzłości gleby.
EN
The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of organic and mineral fertilization on water retention properties of soil under permanent grassland. The studies were carried out on the basis of a field experiment set out in 1997-2002 in Brzesko on silty soil. The experimental factor was mineral fertilization of NPK and manure with two doses 12.5 t ha⁻¹ and 25 t ha⁻¹ in comparison with no-fertilized, control object. Samples of soil were collected in autumn 2002 and water retention was determined using Richard's chambers method. Full dosage fertilization with 25 t ha⁻¹ of manure reduced water retention in soil about 15% relatively to not fertilized soil. Mineral ferilization (NPK) and lowered dosage of manure e.g. 12.5 t ha⁻¹ did not affected significantly water retention. After six years mineral or organic fertilizing both productive and available water retention were unchanged.
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2002
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tom 05
123-128
EN
The paper presents three years (1996-98) results of an investigation into the influence of tractor wheeling on the root development of Lolium perenne. The experiment was established as randomised block design with four replicates of five wheeling treatments. During the growing season of 1996 and 1997 the swards were pressed of the wheels of the tractor URSUS C-360 (weight 2056 kg) in an identical way. The passes were always made after cuts. The combination of the passes was follows: 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 passes on the plots of 7 m². After 3rd cut in 1998 roots were taken for investigation. Changes in soi physical properties were observed. Penetrometer resistance increase in upper 30 cm soil layer according to number of passes. This mean that soil conditions for root development changed. Roots of investigated species grow better in lightly compacted soil. Results showed that tractor wheeling reduced yielding of Lolium perenne up to 27% in proportion with number of passes. These changes in plant yielding are result of changes in soil environment and damages to plants above ground level.
20
63%
EN
The pH value of the soil upper horizons from 1600 profiles situated on the various altitudes above sea level has been determined. The statistically significant differences between the medium pH values of the soils of the specified biotopes from the respective climatic belts have been ascertained only in the case of: rendzinas, brown soils and pseudogley soils. Unlike the soils derived from the alkali - weathering rocks, the soils derived from the crystalline rocks do not demonstrate the significant differentiation in consideration of the acidity in relation to the altitude above sea level.
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