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EN
The article is devoted, in its first part, to an analysis of selected elements of the demographic structure of the Armenian family in Horodenka (Eastern Galicia) at the turn of the 19th century. The chronological turning points within the article mark those dates for the subsequent registration of believers conducted at the local Armenian Catholic church in 1791 and 1808. On the basis of the indicated registration there has been established the average number of individuals within an Armenian family (5.4 individuals in 1791 and 4.3 persons for 1808) as well as the conducting of a typology of the said families against the adopted model of P. Laslett’s historical demography. The analysis shows that at the turn of the 19th century there were evident transformational processes within the structure of Armenian families involving an increase in the number of simple families, ones economically independent and residing in separate household units. The second part of the articles deals with the phenomenon of inter-denominational marriages based on the mentioned registers of believers as well as the preserved baptism and marriage certificates of the local Roman Catholic parish. The result of the analysis confirms the researcher’s conviction as to the inter-ethnic distance in force, something borne out by the small number of two-denominational marriages (5%). An analysis of sources has shown here however that the phenomenon of other interaction, at a lower level of inter-ethnic intimacies, has to date escaped historical analysis. It follows to include here mutual service during the sacrament of baptism (the godparents being of various denominations). The conclusions drawn from the analysis of the demographic sources that are presented in the current article are by nature introductory and intuitive in character. Only further scrupulous research into the neighbourhood, kinship and relations here present will, however, allow one to draw more certain conclusions in this matter.
2
Content available remote Dziwna etniczność Kształty tożsamości Ormian galicyjskich
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EN
This paper deals with the issue of the identity of Polish Armenians in Galicia. One of the characters in the text is a Polish- and Ruthenian-speaking Austrian baron, Polish patriot and Armenian-style landholder – Grzegorz Romaszkan. The Author attempts to prove that, in addition to traditional ethnic characteristics such as the language or religious practices, one can observe a number of more hidden relations and bonds among the Armenians of Galicia. Genealogy and the memory of their ancestors, as well as important family celebrations - such as weddings, baptisms, and burials – were the building blocks of the identity of this small minority. By virtue of their religious – and thus metaphysical – nature, they left a permanent mark on the memory and sense of identity – more so than other, more fleeting life experiences, especially as they gathered significant portions of small local Armenian communities in one place (a church or cemetery): the central figures of the celebrations (the newlyweds, newborn babies, the deceased) and the witnesses, as well as relatives near and far. Celebrations at home and church helped forge the bonds within the Armenian family and ethnic group. Other aspects that defined the identity of the community included the physical space – also in the sentimental sense of the word. The memory of the family home, the estate, the manor house, the cemetery holding the remains of loved ones – were at the roots of emotional attachment to places and people that was stronger than any professed ideologies and cultural socialization. The source material for this paper was derived from memoirs and Church documents (certificates of baptism, marriage, death, etc., censuses of the faithful).
3
Content available remote Karol Jaroszyński (1878-1929) – europejski finansista i wizjoner z Kresów
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EN
The article is devoted to the life and activities of Karol Jaroszyński, one of the richest and most influential people in czarist Russia at the time of its twilight. K. Jaroszyński was descended from a Polish family settled in the Borderlands (in the Kiev region). Educated within the sphere of Western and Catholic culture, he owed his financial prosperity to successful investments in the banking system of the Romanov family, and also to wide contacts and connections. K. Jaroszyński personally knew czar Nicholas II’s family, and also influential financiers and entrepreneurs who were active in Russia before the outbreak of the I World War (inter alios Emanuel Nobel, Boris Abramovich Kamienka, Vladislav Zhukowsky). He was an adherent of a theory that as a result of the domination of German capital and its “tacit” collaboration with the Bolsheviks in 1917-1918, the consolidation and eventual victory of the “red” dictatorship occurred. K. Jaroszyński took part in a plot to save the czar’s family from the hands of Bolshevist murderers (the plot was unsuccessful). He also explored, together with the British intelligence, the chances of deposition of communist dictatorship on the basis of available economic and organisational resources. In 1919 he left Russia and travelled across Western Europe, where his great determination was met with even greater lack of understanding as he attempted to form a front against the communist dictatorship in Russia which he considered, similarly to W. Churchill, as a great danger to mankind. Eventually he settled in Poland where he became famous as the founder of the Catholic University of Lublin, a Polish institution of education modelled after the Catholic University of Leuven. K. Jaroszyński was unsuccessful in his business matters conducted in his fatherland; he did not start a family. He died in poverty and solitude in Warsaw on 8 September 1929. The article features two never-before-published memoirs of people who were friends with K. Jaroszyński. These are the accounts of Kazimierz and Karol Górski, father and son. Karol Górski went on to become a professor of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. The writing of the article was possible thanks to the kindness and assistance of K. Jaroszyński’s family and relatives: Józef Jaroszyński, Paweł Dembinski, Teresa Bisping née Starowieyska and Wojciech Starowieyski.
EN
In the archives of the Foundation of Culture and Heritage of Polish Armenians (Warszawa) has been preserved a book of premarital parish announcements in Kuty from 1893-1953. In addition, a book of premarital announcements from the years 1860-1892 was published on the website of that institution. This article is an edition of this source material, which, chronologically, belongs to Galician times (1860-1914). The purpose of this article is to describe the „matrimonial market” of Galician Armenians, especially its ethnic background. For interested readers it is also a useful material for genealogical, demographic and social research.
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