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Greases for food processing

100%

Ortansa F. , Cosma C. , Constantinescu A. G.

1998

tom nr 3

101-111

W przemyśle spożywczym używa się smarów do smarowania maszyn i urządzeń służących bezpośrednio do produkcji żywności, jak również opakowań. Smary muszą spełniać normy toksykologiczne wymagane przez międzynarodowe przepisy dotyczące przetwórstwa żywności. Zgodnie z tymi normami smary oznaczone kodem H1 używane są w przetwarzaniu żywności tam, gdzie istnieje możliwość przypadkowego kontaktu z żywnością, a smary H2 to te, które nie mają możliwości takiego bezpośredniego kontaktu. Składniki używane w tworzeniu obydwu kategorii smarów, takie jak oleje, zagęszczacze i dodatki muszą być substancjami nietoksycznymi. Jednocześnie smary używane w przemyśle spożywczym muszą spełniać wymagania techniczne i ekologiczne. Najbardziej odpowiednie są kompleksowe smary aluminiowe, dlatego są szeroko stosowane.

Food industries require lubricating greases for equipment and machinery, which produce directly food as well as can-making equipment. Greases must fulfill the toxicological restrictions claimed by the international regulations concerning food processing. According to the restrictions, the greases identified as Code H1 are used in the food industry where there is a possibility of incidental food contact, and H2 greases are those where there is no possibility of contact. The components used in greases formulation of both categories such as oils, thickening agents, and additives, must be nontoxic substances. Simultaneously, the lubricants used in the food industry must satisfy the technical and ecological requirements. The Aluminium Complex Greases are the most suitable; therefore they are widely used.

A high resolution optical dating study of the Mostiştea loess-palaeosol sequence (SE Romania) using sand-sized quartz

75%

Vasiliniuc S. , Timar-Gabor A. , Vandenberghe D. A. G. , Panaiotu C. G. , Begy R. C. , Cosma C.

Geochronometria

2011

tom Vol. 38, no. 1

34-41

We report on SAR-OSL dating of closely-spaced samples from the loess-palaeosol sequence near Mostiştea lake (Danube Plain, SE Romania). We used sand-sized quartz and a SAR protocol that involved a preheat of 10s at 220°C and a test dose cutheat to 180°C. It is shown that these thermal pretreatments isolate a quartz OSL signal that is dominated by the fast component. The behavior of this signal in the SAR protocol is then documented. The ratio of the measured to given dose tends to lie slightly but systematically above unity (~5% on average) and the recycling ratio below unity (~6% on average); for all samples, the recuperated signal is negligible. Within analytical uncertainty, the nineteen optical ages are internally consistent and agree with the predictions from a palaeomagnetic age-depth model. Although it may be possible to optimize the SAR measurement procedure, the optical ages already confirm the chronostratigraphic position of the uppermost welldeveloped palaeosol in that it formed during MIS 5.The established chronology allows correlating the sequence near Mostiştea lake with that near Mircea Vodă that we investigated earlier.

Luminescence dating of neolithic ceramics from Lumea Nouă, Romania

75%

Benea V. , Vanderberghe D. , Timar A. , Van den Haute P. , Cosma C. , Gligor M. , Florescu C.

Geochronometria

2007

tom Vol. 28

9-16

Luminescence dating was applied to four Neolithic pottery fragments excavated at Lumea Nouă (Alba Iulia, Romania), with the purpose of improving the chronology for the archaeological finds, and hence, the occupational history of the site. The single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol was applied to both blue and infrared stimulated luminescence signals from coarse quartz and polymineral fine grains, respectively. A more conventional approach which uses a multiple-aliquot additive-dose protocol and thermoluminescence signals from polymineral fine grains was applied as well. The characteristics of the OSL and IRSL signals were investigated in terms of behaviour in the SAR protocol, dose response and dose recovery. Additionally, anomalous fading measurements of the 410 nm IRSL emission and of the blue TL emission from polymineral fine-grains were performed. Both signals were observed to be affected by anomalous fading. OSL dating of quartz using the SAR protocol is considered to be the technique of choice; it yields an average age of 6.0±0.4 ka (n = 4), which is in agreement with archaeological expectations. The dating results allow refining the typological interpretation of the objects and improve the chronological framework for the site.